ѧγ̸̰
ɽѧѧԺͶ뻷о  ־
γ̼飺
ѧоȻȺϵĿѧԤҽѧһҪ֧ѧƣǻѧҪɲ֣˵ѧԤҽѧ뻷ѧ໥ϵĲѧ༰ΧĻΪо󡣲Ļ彡Ӱ켰ԻòķӦһ໥ãǻѧĻ
ѧоݰˮˮסլ빫滮ۺͼûѧƷȡ

ʱţ

½	ѧʱ	ۼѧʱ
	2	2
뽡	8	10
	10	20
ˮ	8	28
ˮ	8	36
	6	42
סլ빫	6	48
滮	2	50
	4	54
ûѧƷ	6	60
ϼ	60	

οĿ
ִѧ ̺   19959µ1
ѧ֣־ ɭ ѧ֮ ݡɽѧ19911µ1
ͳӦô ͳơ  ʤߵȡ19899µ1  
 ҽѧͳѧ   浵ȡ19897µ1

Ķ˵
1.	̰Դ滮̲ġѧİ棬̰д©Ըý̲Ϊ׼
2.	̰нѧص㡢ѵԺڴʾ
3.	ΪĶ̰Ŀ¼2-3ҳеĸĿӦ½ӣĿ¼ҪĶĿתӦλԹĶҪĿ¼ҳʱʹword ġءţ
 

ѧ̰Ŀ¼

_	4
뽡	6
ཡ뼲̬ѧ	6
뻷	7
΢Ԫ뽡	8
Ⱦ뽡	9
뽡ϵо	11
Σն	13
	15
ѧ	15
ȾȾת	15
Ⱦ彡Ӱ	18
ҪȾ彡Ӱ	19
׼	23
ȾԽӰĵͼ	24
ˮ	26
ˮԴ༰ѧ	26
ˮʵ״ָ	26
ˮȾԴȾ	29
ˮȾԾת	29
ˮȾΣ	31
ˮˮʱ׼ˮŷű׼	32
ˮ	33
ˮȾ顢ͼල	34
ˮ	36
ˮȾ뼲	36
ˮ׼ˮ׼	42
ʽˮ	44
ɢʽˮ	46
ˮĵ顢ͼල	47
   	48
	48
ȾԾ	48
ȾԽӰ	49
׼ͷŷű׼	51
ල	52
סլ빫	55
סլѧҪ	55
סլƵҪ	55
סլСԽӰ켰Ҫ	56
ڿȾԽӰ켰Ҫ	57
סլŷ͵	59
סլʩͼල	61
	62
ල	62
滮	64
	64
й滮	64
йܷ	65
סָ	66
	67
      	67
״	67
Ӱ	70
ûѧƷ	72
ûѧƷ	72
ûѧƷԽӰ	73
ûѧƷȫ׼	75
ûѧƷල	76


 
_
2ѧʱ
ѧĶ塢о
    ѧоȻȺϵĿѧҽѧ뻷
ѧĽѧڽʾضȺӰķչɺͳ
ĻأƲĻط档ضʹ𽥷չΪһŶѧơԤҽѧһҪ֧ѧƣǻѧҪɲ֣˵ѧԤҽѧ뻷ѧ໥ϵĲ

    ѧ༰ΧĻΪо󡣲Ļ彡Ӱ켰ԻòķӦһ໥ãǻѧĻ

 һָΧȺĿռ估пֱӻӰͷչĸص塣ϵͳɶֻʺͻɡ
ǲǵ۸о͹۴ڵʵ壬һ̬Һ̬͹ֳ̬̬ڣ
ڻʵãʵתˣǰߵɣֱӻ巢ϵ
˵ָˮ塢ʯڵһ壻ǽеıתи޻лɳɷ֡ʾάȶ״̬ԣʶĸžһĻǣŵǿƵʳ˻ʵĳʱʵĽṹܾͻᷢԻָĸı䡣
ڻѧķڣһѻ޶ΪȻ
Ȼ ȦˮȦʯȦȦ
ΪľסֻԼйصأûѧƷȡ
ȻǶɸֻɵۺ塣
ذԿɷΪԡѧԺࡣ      ҪСǵ͵ȡ     ѧ  еĻѧسɷָӡ෱ࡣˮкил޻ѧʣɷֺʱά彡衣ص뻷еĸֻѧȾЩѧȾ࣬Σ
Ⱦ뻷Ƿı䣬ɽȾΪһȾͶȾ
һȾprimary pollutantԭȾ ָȾԴֱ뻷״δıȾһ̼ȣ
Ⱦsecondar pollutantƴȾָЩһȾ뻷ѧѧãʷӦγɵġԭȾ״ͶȫͬµȾ͵ĶȾеĵNOX̼⻯HCǿҵչγɵĹ⻯ѧ
ҪָеϸͱӦԭۡӡͶƤмȣȡ     ǷܹӰ죬ֿɷΪԭʹ
ԭprmary environment  ָȻγɵģδܻΪӰĻдŶֶԻ彡ءЩԭԭҲ彡Ӱ졣磬ڵṹϵԭɱ滯ѧԪطֲĲԡʹĳһˮĳЩԪع٣ؾͨˮʳ󣬵ڳӦԪصĹ٣ĳЩԼѧԼbiogeochemical disease༲ķصԵĵԣֳΪط
secondary environment  ָΪӰγɵĻڸȻȻԴĹУһΪͽṩõһҲԭʩӰ죬ڲȻȡƻȻƽ⣬ڲȻйУصĻȾԴݽߣȾһϵԿ˷⡣
ȫ緶ΧҪĻԽΣ
1.ȫůҽѧҪõ±ůݶֳӶһЩýűסѪȵȣķʽӡ
2.ƻֱ̫߳룬ʹƤϷʲ̶ͬȵӡ
3.꣺ˮ½̬ϵͳΣ⣬ཡɲֱΣ峤ܽʹӣι½
4.ԣbiodiversityָֲ΢Ｐ乹ɵۺ塣Ŵ򣩶ԡֶԺ̬ϵͳɲ֡ƲɷӶԿɺ͹ȲԵȣӰļӾ磬ٶȲϼӿ죬ɥʧͬ͵̬ϵͳ

    ѧҪоݸΪ¼档
    1뽡Ļо
    2뽡ϵȷо
    3ơ¼·
4оලϵ ǰҹѧҪ     һǿũ廷
ҪĹУ     1һˮ     2÷޺ļָ     3ѻ滮ͽ     4ƶũ廷  

    뿪չض彡Ӱо     һ̽µļ뷽
    ģػ

 
뽡
8ѧʱ
ཡ뼲̬ѧ
1.໷Ļ
    Ҫڵ㡣ȻɻΪȦˮȦʯȦԼֲ̬ϵͳֳΪȦ
2.̬ϵͳ̬ƽ
̬ϵͳ  ָȺ䣨΢ֲＰȣﻷˮ޻ࡢȣɵȻϵͳ
̬ƽ  ̬ϵͳиɲֶڲϱ仯˶֮Сڳڽ̶𽥵ؽ໥Э໥Ĺϵʹ̬ϵͳеߡߺͷֽ֮䣬Ⱥﻷ֮䣬ʡ֮䣬ʼձһֶ̬ƽϵΪ̬ƽ⡣
ʳ  ̬ϵͳάϵȺʺŦʳʳ̬вͬӪ𼶱ʳҪϵһﱻһʳٱʳ˴ʳϵΪʳʳ̬ϵͳֱ˴˽ʳʳԻʵתƺۻҪӰ졣
ŴãbiomagnificationеĳЩ׽ĻѧȾͨʳתƲеŨȡڸλӪڵŨȱڵλӪڵŨӺܶ౶ΪŴá뻷еŨȣŴÿɴǧ򱶣ӶĽѾȷϵĻˮٶʹʹʳŴйء

ȫԻ⡰ȫůƻ͡ꡱ
ȫů   еCO2ˮܹɵĲϳķ䣬ӶԵ𵽱ãͬ˹ãʳơЧӦgreenhouse  effect
ȫůشӰ졣˳ܻᵼࡢϵͳķӡˡͯˣɵвʼ
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ˮʳﴫļҲֲֵܳչʹʱӳ
⣬ůɵȫƽˮӣѩǴ½СٴлѧӦḶ̌ŨӣꡢγʹӶ񻯡

ƻ
еĳȫ̫к̲ߵBΣ280320nmCΣ200280nm˵ϵʡ
    50͹۲쵽Ũмơܴƻԭ򼰹̼ΪӣѧȾɡ
    ƻ˶̫ĹãʹرǶ̲ǿ⽫ＰཡӰ졣
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    ָˮкһʵɽˮpHֵС5.65ˮꡢѩȡ
    γɵĻƺ͹̺ܸӣܶأȾȣӰ졣ܵѧȾҪĳ򡣸ݶɷַռ90ϡΪúʯȼŷSOxNOxǳĻ
    ̬ӰǶ෽ģҪǣ
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еؽӺʹܳؽӣˮˮԴӵĺ彡ֱΣԶԶSO2á

뻷
һ뻷໥
кضԻõһ
кضԻ彡ܷΣ̶ȣܵӰ죬ҪӰΪкõǿȣŨȣʱͻĽ״׸ȡ
1.-ЧӦӦϵ
ָͨкʵָкЧӦϵΪекʵٻ֯ʵҪ֪кڰٺͰ֯еļڲⶨѡʵӦжָ¶Ⱦ
ǿȺָͬڻĻкصֻڲͬʵĻкӦõĲͬıʾ
-ЧӦdoso-effectϵ  ŻкؼӣڻкѧЧӦǿΪ-ЧӦϵʾļĳֳЧӦǿȼĹϵ
    -Ӧdoseresponseϵ  ָżӣĳضѧЧӦĸӣͨԳضѧЧӦĸռܲԸİٷʾǻкȺ󣬻巴Ӧһʾ

2.ʱ䣨빦ЧӦ
ڻкĳǿ£ʱĳ̶ԻкѧЧӦس̶ȾҪӰ졣رڻдڵͼĻȾҪ൱ʱúȺвŻ𽡿ЧӦ
  ѧȾڻڵΪ
кرǻѧȾʱӴ壬𽥴ﵽܶ԰ٺͰ֯𺦵ļŨȣкѧЧӦ
  ЩкأܽϿرֽⲢԶ̬Ѹų⣬ڻڰ֯ϲĹܸıۻӶ»ԸʵķӦǿܻлıأٻ֯𺦣Ϊ
  뻷к֯ٹı෴ǻԸкصԡŻʴӺʱֳԸкطӦԽͻ

ЧӦȺ
1. ЧӦףspectrum of  health  effect     򻷾кȺʱȺи屩¶ˮƽ¶ʱŲ죬䡢Ա״ͼԼԸкصŴ׸ԲֲָͬܳͬķӦȺԻкزͬӦķֲģʽڽΣȺνЧӦס 2.Ⱥ
ܻͨ˵ȺΪȺ׸ȺȺԻкõķӦͨȺΪкǿңȺгĳֲӦķӦԸͨȺ   ע⵽ڽ״䡢Ӫ״ͨȺУԻкõķӦԲ죬ʹͬ¶£ͬ¶ʡʱ䣩ҲˣͨΪ졣
΢Ԫ뽡
ڵʷչУȻγ˵ؿǱ滯ѧԪصĲȷֲ
ϲͬˮֲлѧԪͺŲ죬̶Ӱ쵽õȺԻѧԪصڵԭʹȺĳֻѧԪ߻ͶļΪѧԼ һ΢Ԫ
ݻѧԪں٣ɷΪ΢Ԫࡣ Ԫ  ̼⡢򡢼ءơסơþȵ11ԪأռڻѧԪ99.95ΪԪء ΢Ԫ  С0.01ĻѧԪسΪ΢Ԫءп̡ͭܡ⡢Ǧӡ衢ȡﮡ輰ϡԪصȡ ΢Ԫ  ĿǰΪ14΢Ԫأпͭ⡢̡ܡ⡢ȣάܡֳزȱԪأΪ΢Ԫء
Ǳ΢Ԫ  ޻δѧõ΢ԪأΪǱ΢Ԫء
۱Ǳ΢ԪʱܶԻкá

΢Ԫ뼲
΢ԪصЧӦά幦ܺͽҪĵλѧЧӦԣرЩȫΧС΢Ԫأͻ߶Σ顢µѧԼ½ڽ΢ԪزȱйأԴл쳣Ҳйء

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    3.Ⱦ°Ķѧ
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     ڻȾͻ䣯°Լ   еļⷽAmes飬DNAϳ飨UDSȾɫ廥飬΢ȡõͻԼⷽ죬ȶڲⶨõȡϵĲ죬ʹϵĿɱһѶȡӦͬĲԳܱȽϳȾͻԣ°ԵΣճ̶ȡ
     ۻȾ°Եļȷ   ǰᵽĲԽܹӳȾǱڵ°ԡҪԻȾ°ȷʱҪж°Ⱥвѧ顣
Ƚϣκһͳѧϵ죬ΪǶ°ҪȷΪ°°ʱҪгֵȺвѧϣͨвѧ֤ӴĳȾ֮ȷϵ

3.Ⱦ»Σ
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ѧ뻷вѧоڻѧоศɣΪ䡣
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    		3»ԲԷҪϵʵ鶯鼰»顣
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    ЧӦ־biomarkers of effect
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    ׸־biomarkers of susceptibility
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    ׸־ԷֻȾ׸иƶ׸Ⱥʩ       ʮҪļֵ
־ǵǰѧоȵ㡣

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Σնۣhealth risk assessmentHRAǶԱ¶ĳһض£ûежкʣأ˺ȺĳЩкЧӦˡСȱݺȣĸʽжԡۡ
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ڽƶȺΣĳ̶ȣԷӦʼΣնȱʾ
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һ㽫кЧӦΪࣺ
°ϸͻ䣩ԣ
ֳϸͻ䣻
۷ԣ»ԣ
٣ϸѧ˵ȡ
    ǰкЧӦŴֵЧӦֵЧӦ
    ΣҪвѧͶѧռ漰ٴ۲϶ΣмҪļֵ
2¶ۣexposure assessment
    ûȺ¶ҲͲΣաˣ¶ǽΣն۹вɷָһ֡ͨ¶ۣԹƳȺĳѧﱩ¶ǿȡƵʺͳʱ䡣۸ûѧﶾЧӦշʱǱкܴϵ
 3һӦϵdoseresponse assessment
    -Ӧϵǻѧﱩ¶뽡ЧӦ֮ĶۣǽΣն۵ĺġϿȺвѧϣڶʵϡʵϻԽ٣õļһӦЧӦ߽Ե죬ҪƵˡ
4Σնrisk  characterization
    ΣնǸ׶õĶԶԸûѧڻдʱµĽΣնȽۺۡжȺĳֽΣĿԺֲָȷء
2Σն۵Ӧ
еĽΣնۣҪӦΪ
  1.Ԥ⡢Ԥضر¶£¶ȺĸʣΣնȣ
  2.ԸкѧصΣնȽбȽۣ»ѧɸѡӹáᡢεȷ֤־Ч桢׷Ϊṩѧݡ
  3.кʼ°ﻷѧ׼ƣкѧＰ°ĿɽŨȣͬʱй桢ΪලṩҪݡ


 

10ѧʱ
ѧ
  Լ2535kmԼΪ20kmն̲ߡ̫вС290nm߱գܵ棬ߡ̲ߵк߶Եɱá


C200275nmмǿɱãϸҲصġ
B275320nmвܵرԻпͲúͺã
߻ˮƽβ߶Իܴٽ
A320400nmСҪǲɫسá
彡棬ȿչƤססƤȼ


ӻ еӣһ״̬³ԡܵĳЩӵǿãӿԾγӣԾĵӼһӶγӡ
  ÿӻӾܽΧ1015Էһγӣn+ӣn-
  еˮεϣγֱӣN+ӣN-
    һŨȵʹ򾲡ߡʹֹֹ򡢽ѪѹʳʹעС߹Чʵõá෴Ի಻áŨȳ 106cm3ӻӣԻá
ȻУءıֵNnӦ 50
ȾȾת
  1.ΪȾԴ
    ҵҵ
1ȼϵȼ
	ҵȼȼϣǴȾصԴ
ȼȫҪУCO2SO2NO2ˮҷ֣ɺе
±Ƶȣȡ
ȼղȫࡢȼղȫĳ̶ȶ
COȩࡢ̿໷ȡ
2ųȾ ҵУԭϵƷ
    ڶȾųȾʺ͹չйء
    ¯Ͳů¯
    ȼ豸Чʵ͡ȼղȫ̴Ѹ߶ȽϵͣȼղͿŷţڲůڣúɱڷǲůڣȾŷ࣬ɾסȾ
    ͨ
    ҺȼϾΪʯƷȼպܲNO2 CO໷ȩȾ⣬кпһǦоͺǦ
    ȾԴȾԴȾΧ·йءͨƵͽͨƹƵĽ·ڣȾΪء
    ת
 	ĳЩ¹ʵȡ

2.Ⱦ༰ʽ
ѧȾҪԷʽڴе״̬ɷΪ̬Ϳ״̬ʽ
  1)̬Ⱦ

 ĳЩڳ¡ѹγɵ̬ʽȾCOSO2 NO2 NH3 H2Sȡ
ĳЩ̬Һ̬ȺҺӷγɵ̬ʡ繯ȡ䣬𽥻ָԭеĹҺ״̬
  2)
״̬ʵͳƣҺ
Կ  ֱ100mĿܾȵطɢڴγȶϵΪܽ
Կ  ֱ100mĿΪ׽䡣
ֱıʾ  ĿǰֱıʾǲùõĿѧֱDpƿѧֱѧֱָڵŵ뵥λܶͬĩٶȵĿֱҲָڽƽбֱ൱ͬĩٶȵܶΪ1α׼ֱֱʾֱӱڿеͣʱ䡢ٶȡĿԡںеĳλȵȣΪ
total suspended particulatesTSP Ϊ0l100mܽиֿܳƣ۴ĳָꡣ
inhalable particulatesIPΪ10mԱ彡ĹϵΪУܷӳ彡Ĺϵ

3.ӰȾŨȵ
  1ȾԴŷ
   (1)ų 
   (2)ų߶ 
֯ŷ  Ⱦﲻ̴ͨѻͲŴɢ
      ŷŵų߶ȺܵͣɢԶ𸽽ĴȾ
֯ŷš̴ͨѻͲȾŵһ߶ȵĴС
ų߶̴ָѵЧų߶ȣҲ̴ѱĸ߶̧ĸ߶֮͡
   (3)ȾԴľ 
½  ̴ų·ɢϡͣӴĽӴ㡣
    
  2
    (1) Ⱦڴеɢϡžá
   (2)
£¶ȴֱݼʣãƽֵΪ0.65棯100m京
ǣĸ߶ÿ 100m¶Ƚ0.65档ִ¶ȵݼԣ
ڵȿĴֱҲȾɢ
    ȶȱʾֱ˶ĳ̶ȡ
      ¶߶߶γϲ¸²£Ϊ
   (3)ѹ
ȶѹѹ죩Ŀ£Ⱦء
   (4)ʪ 
    4أӰȾɢҪء
 
3
    ֲοӰֲӰõȾɢϡ͡
    ɽغ͹ȵ
    ½
    ȵ 

4.Ⱦת
  1Ծ
    ԾҪãɢǻѧãк͵ȣѧãֲյȣ
  2ת
    ȾתȥҪ¼
    ·Զķת
    ˮת
    ƽת
 3γɶȾ
 4ȾתɶȾ
    ִȾԴֱųһȾڴܵѧû⻯ѧã
˻ѧ仯תɶԱһȾĻѧʣΪȾ SO2
תNO2 תԼNO2 תɹ⻯ѧȣ߾ǰ
ĶԴ

Ⱦ彡Ӱ
   1Ⱦ;
    ȾҪͨ壬һСҲͨƤ塣
    
    
    ճĤƤ
    
   2ȾԽֱΣ
    1ж
    ȾŨڶڼߣʹΧȺȾɼ
жɰɵԭ򻮷ֳࣺ
    1¼ ǴȾɼжҪͣȼȼղ
ԼųȾġγɵԭֿɷΪࡣ
   	ú¼
¼ú̺͹ҵҵòɢġ
ú¼ص㣺
Ⱦú̿ȼղＰҵ̵Ⱦ
Ϊµ͡ѹߡٺܵ͡ʪȴ²
۶෢ں伾ڣ
ܺӹ׷
ܺԺ̼֢״֣ԭΪס֧סಡȡ
   2⻯ѧ¼¼ҪβߵĹ⻯ѧ
£תɾоҴ̼õĹ⻯ѧ
⻯ѧ¼ص㣺
ȾҪβչߵĹ⻯ѧɵǿ
Ϊ¸ߡʣǿҡ෢＾ڵİ죻
۶෢ϱγ60µĵ
ܴڻӵ¥ֵͨ粻׷¼
֢ܺ״Ҫ۾סᡢʺʹϢԡѡͷʹơƤ졢๦ϰι˥ߡǻಡͷβˣܺء
  2¹ 

    2ΣԶӰ
    1ڴ̼ò֢
    ֢ķʹ֧ƤķųĤʱΣ
ѹȣխӣγۺԼΪԷβchronic obstructive pulmonary diseasesCOPD֧סּ֧ͳơ
    2Ѫܼ
    3߹½ 
    4̬Ӧ 
    5ж 
    6°

ҪȾ彡Ӱ
һ
 1.ص
    СĹϵ  10mĿԽʳΪinhalable particlesIPͬĿںĲλͬ5mĶϲС5mĶϸ֧ܺͷݡԽСĲλԽlmµڷڳߡС04mĿܽɵؽݲų⣬ʳ١
    IPԴͬ 
    IPġ塱 ܶкҺɸIP϶ӶٳɶּԼķ
    IPĽɷ־ߴ߻ãʹкʵĶԼǿIPϵĶֻѧɷֻá֮IPĶӦ仯ѧɷֶ
    PM25
    ֱ25mĿΪ΢ӣparticle mattersPM2.5ֱеһ΢Ϳе̬ȾͨѧתɵĶ΢ɡһ΢Ҫɳ΢ֲͿȼȼղ̼ɡ΢Ҫ狀ɣ΢ɴеSO2NOxNH3ӦɡЩˮԵĻԣڵͿʪȴʱPM2.5

2.Ӱ
    1)IPβԾֲ֯жãʹֲ֧ܵͨ½ʹϸ֧ܺͷݵĻɥʧճԽϴIPʯͼƷȼտСճȴ׾ۼھֲ֯ɢSO2NO2صã˾ֲ֯˳̶ȣԷβCOPD
    2)ĳɷֲͬԲͬ
    lһĳɷ֣ȼȼղĿﶼSO2 NO2 BaPȩȡSO2 NO2 ȩˣBaP°ЩЧӦڿȾжǳġ
    2ĳɷ֣磬ǦĿǦжĿжĿжȵȡ

3.׼
    ҹסп׼GB11667-1987涨ƽŨΪ 0.15mgm3

()
1.ص
SO2ֳΪɫ壬д̼Գζˮ
SO2 ڴпɱɻSO3 ˮγҲˮ
SO2 ĶȾԺĸԸǿΣҲɴγꡣSO2 Ҫγ֮һ
2.Ӱ
  1)ԺϵͳӰ
    1 ճĤĴ̼ãSO2кǿĴ̼ãܴ̼۽ĤͱʲճĤ
    2Ժ֢SO2ˮױϺ֧ճĤĸˮճҺաҪϺ֧ϵɸòλƽĩ񾭸̼ܵʹ֧ܺܵĹǻխӣӣʱɾֲ֢ʴ֯COPDҪ֮һ
    3SO2̳ͬʱñSO2ĵΣôöࡣIPϽ䶾 34IPеȽɴ߻ SO2Ĵ̼ñSO2 10
    ڷڻճڷݱϵSO2 IPûʹݱάγ
άԲ·ףж
 2) SO2 IPΪһֱ̬Ӧԭ֧
  3)ٰ  SO2BaPʱΰķʸBaPʱķʡ
  4)  SO2 պ󣬷ֲȫ٣ΣǶ෽ġ

()
1.ص
    1) NOxNON2ONO2NO3N2O3N2O4N2O5
廯ܳơУɴȾҪ   NO2  NO
2)й״  NO2 Ǻɫ壬д̼ԡNOΪɫ壬ΪNO2NOxˮ
    3)⻯ѧʼ ĶȾ͹⻯ѧ
 2.Ӱ
    о֤ڴ΢һNOģ𵽵ʹáNOxкġNO2ĶԱNO45
    1)ԺӰ ˮʶ۾ϺĴ̼ýСϸ֧ܼݡŨNOxݱʵĹϸ֧ܵëƤϸͷϸƻ֯Ľԭάɷ֢״ܻڷݱˮУγᡢᣬԷ֯ǿҵĴ̼ʴãˮס
    2)ѪҺϵͳӰ ڷγɵνѪҺѪ쵰׽ɸѪ쵰ףѪ쵰ףѪ쵰״֯ȱȾNO2Ϊʱε𺦱ȽԣȾNOΪʱѪ쵰Ѫ֢𺦱ȽԡġΡԼѪ֯ȾӰ졣ԶҪΪ˥ۺ

( )⻯ѧ
  1.ص
   ⻯ѧphotochemical smogһֻܳơеNOx̼⻯̫ã⻯ѧӦһ־д̼ԺǿǳɫĻڶȾҪɷǳȩ͸ֹperoxyacyl nitratesPANsЩͳΪ⻯ѧphotochemical oxidants⣬ͪࡢࡢȡ
⻯ѧǿ ڸֹ⻯ѧӦУԼռ85ϣPANSԼռ10ʵıСPANsҪǹPANǹPBN͹PPNȡȩ໯ҪǼȩȩϩȩȡ
    ڹ⻯ѧеĺܶʶǿҵãӦõ⻯طⶨʱʹӵ⻯ҺܳЩΪO3Ϊ
2.Ӱ
    1)۾Ĵ̼ ⻯ѧ۾ǿҵĴ̼áҪPANȩϩȩɻȡPANǼǿĴ൱ڼȩ200PBNĴøǿPANԼǿ100ԣPBNĺ䲻PANߣǿҵĴòɺӡ
    2)ԺϵͳӰ   ⻯ѧԱǡʡܺͷεȺҲԵĴ̼á
    3)ȫӰ    O 谭ѪҺܣ֯ȱʹ״ٹ𣬹ڸƻǱڵȫӰ죬շܰϸȾɫ䡢ĳЩøĻԺͲѪӦӰϸ³´л˥ϡ
    4) ȩʣᡢ硢ԡѡȡ
    5)ͻ

()һ̼
1.ص
  й״  COɫᡢζ޴̼Ե壬ڿлѧȶ
  γ̼Ѫ쵰  COѪ쵰׵׺O2 Ѫ쵰׵׺210ˣڵCOܺܿѪ쵰׽ϣγ̼Ѫ쵰ףHbCOHbCOĽٶȱѪ쵰3600
1.Ӱ
    1)֯ȱ 
    2)ϵͳӰ
    3)ѪϵͳӰ
    4)̥Ӱ
    5)һЧӦϵ   COŨѪҺHbCOͶȺ֢״ԵļһЧӦϵCOŨԽߣHbCOıͶȾԽߣ֢״Խء
    6)ڵŨȽӴCOԽҲΣرǶϵͳѪϵͳһ𺦡

()Ǧ
Ӱ
    ǦȫԵĶϵͳѪϵͳѪϵͳϵͳڷϵͳȶвӰ죬ҪõİԺѪϵͳ
    1ǦԶͯΪܵӰ ǦѡԵԺλϸ̬͹ܣǦµĸٴУԡͯθǦʱȽϸߣѪϺͶֹܷвȫ𺦸ΪСٴΪעС͡ȱšĮදǿΪȣͬͯȣѧϰѧϰɼϵ͡
    2ӾӰ Ǧ¶ʹͯӾ˶ӦʱֵӳӾֱ͡Ǧ¶ӰͯϵͳķͣԸշλı䣬ٶȽ͡
3иǦ¶ŮӰ ̥ڸϵͳ׶ΣǦΪУɲ𺦡

()໷
1.ȾԴ
    ໷polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonPAHȻе PAH΢PAHҪԸֺ̼лȽͲȫȼգ
2.ص
  ж໷໯polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonPAHǺϱԳʽӵķ໯ܳƣֳƳ
  ͻPAHɷֲ໷УPAHۼڿ棬ڣ5mĿϣβϵPAH١   
3.Ӱ
    ڱ(a)ţBaPǵһֵĻѧ°°ԺǿʾBaPΪPAHĴBaPռȫ°໷ 120ڴеŨȴΪ 000110ug100 m3ѷPAH100ֻһ־°ԡ
    ʵ֤BaPշƤΰθBaP°ƣо֤BaPǡǰ°ڴлת󣬷Ϊ°BaPлУмǺܶģдתΪ°ԣתΪ°

()ӢDioxins
оһЩϳɻѧʿԸŶڷϵͳӰֳܣ໯ѧʱΪأEnvironmental hormoneУȱԶӢPCDDȶ߻ૣPCDFԼPCBǴʡֳΪӢࣨDioxins
DioxinǻϰƻܳƣĻ2378һȶ-p-ӢTCDDDioxinĻ PCBsҲƶӢ໯
ЩʳãеĶӢɴﻷе10򱶡Ӣ಻ˮ֬ʣˮм׽ڡӢʳﵽඥĶڡ
Ӱ
    1ڵ;ֲʹл ҪͨȾʳƷ壬Ҳͨ롣ΪӢ໯֬Եģ֬֯ų⡣ŮڣӢ̥̥ͨ̽ڣͨӤڣΣ̥Ӥ
2° Ӣ֪°
3ֳӰ Ӣصֳͷϰ
    4ڷڵӰ ӴTCDDӴԼˮƽĸı䣬ӷƣӰΪͻ廯طڣøԻ
    5ϵͳӰ ΧڽӴTCDDӰϸķֻףӰԭʼϸӰ췢ϵͳеϸTCDDήӰTϸͿӦ

׼
һ׼ĸ
    ׼ǴкʵķֵǷֹȾ񽡿۴Ⱦ̶ȣƶʩķݡ
    1׼׼
׼Criterion
ͨѧоóĶȺкӰŨȣǸݼһӦϵһİȫϵȷģᡢáΪأзЧ
׼standard
ǹҶԻкҪʵЩҪ涨Ӧʩļ档׼ƶԻ׼ΪҪݲҪᡢáأۺϷƶģɹҹ׼䲼зɵԼԵġ
   2Ũֵ
ҹĴ׼涨ŨȵֵƽŨȺһŨȡ
һŨָκһζʱⶨֵЩʹ˻ֲڶڣ˲20minڣִ̼жȼΣʱƶһŨȣȷӴڶʲڲκһּΣֵ
ƽŨָκһڶβⶨƽŨȵֵһЩõʶӦƶֵ༴ʱ䣨¡꣩ĳҲжжԼԶЧӦƽֵκ24СʱھӦԴﵽֹȾԺǱΣĿġ
ЩʼܲΣܲΣֵӦƶ
    ҹ׼Ũȣmgm3ʾ׼״ lm3иʵmg
ƶ׼ԭ
 1ҹƶ޶׼ԭ
    1Ի岻Ӧ𼱡жŨӦȾļԺԶУǱڵԶЧӦ
    2۸о޲Ӱ죺ŨӦм۾ϺĴ̼С
    3彡޼ΣŨӦĶ񻯺ͶԻ巢Σ罵ʹ͸ȡӰ쿪ΣֲʴϣŨȡ
4֪ʶѡϼŨеָ꣬Ϊȷ׼ֵݡ
ҹĴ׼
    ҹеĴ׼
   1׼GB309596ñ׼ɹԺ쵼С칫1996귢ñ׼10ȾƶֵÿȾı׼Ϊ
    һ׼ΪȻ̬ȺڳڽӴ£κΣӰĿҪ󡣹ҹ涨Ȼ羰ʤżصȵӦִһ׼
    ׼ΪȺͳСĶֲڳںͶڽӴ£˺ĿҪ󡣾ҵͨĻʤż͹ũȵӦִж׼
    ׼ΪȺжͳһ㶯ֲ߳⣩ĿҪڴȾ̶ȱȽصĳ͹ҵԼнͨŦߵȵ
  2ҵҵ׼TJ3679еġסкʵŨȡ    ˱׼֯޶1979䲼Դ34кƶֵ
    
ȾԽӰĵͼ
  һͼĿ
    ȾԴ
    Ⱦ״
    Ⱦ彡ɵĸΣ
ͼݺͷ
1ȾԴĵ
    1ԴȾ Ƕһһ̴ѶΧӰĵ顣
    2ԴȾ лҵдȾԴ顣
    3ԴȾ 
2Ⱦ״ͼ
    1ѡ
      1Դѡ㷽ʽһѡֲ㷽ʽ
ܲ㡣ȾԴΪģ8λڲͬͬԲò㡣
β㡣ݲͬĿģȾԴ·򼾽·࣬35λĲͬ봦ò㡣ͬʱӦϷʵöյ㡣
̲·̶̲䶯ķ̲·ͬͬʱӦϷʵöյ㡣
     2ȾĲѡ
ٰճйܷѡдԵĲͬ͵ò㡣
ڲʼ״ֲ򻮷ֳɷλС񣬽ڽϻСڡ
۸ݳȾԴ˿ڵķֲεòأѡò㡣
     3ֳҪ
ٲӦڿտص㣬ľڵͱֲظš
ڲⶨкĲø߶ӦΪ15mңҲǺ߶ȡ߶Ϊ35m泾š
   2ʱ ݼĿĺ͹ҹĿǰ󶼲ȡڲһļһҲӦڶСÿӦ34졣ҹÿٲ4ΣӦһȾءеȺʱ̡ÿƽֵΪƽŨȡ
   3ָ
     1ԵԴΧʱӦŷŵҪкΪָꡣ
     2һԽмʱһSOIPTSPָꡣNO2COPAHָꡣɸݱڵҪȾѡָ꣬ȡH2Sȡ
   4¼ ʱӦ¼ʱ䡢ΧҪ¼״ͲⶨأӦڲʱⶨʱѹͲ£Իı׼
   5ķ
    1ȼĳָÿƽֵƽŨȣټƽŨȵľֵ
    2ֱȽһŨȺƽŨȵֵԵĳ걶
    3ֱһŨȺƽŨȵĳʡ
    4ֱȽһŨȺƽŨȵֵ
    5ͳѧиԼ飬ԸʱڵȷȾ״бȽϡ
    6ִָӶлۡ
    7ҳҪȾԴȾӰ췶ΧȾɡ
3Ⱥ
    1ȷֳ Ӧݴйѡֳ
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    3ȷ۲ָ
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4ͳ ɸͳѧвѧķͳƷ


 
ˮ
8ѧʱ
ˮԴ༰ѧ
     ȻˮʿɷΪ
ܽʣ
ڽʣ
ʡ
1. ˮprecipitation
ָꡢѩˮˮʽϺáʺϵͣˮޱ֤
ڽˮУˮӴеһЩʾͻˮУSO2NOxȾĵˮʶγꡣ
2. ˮsurface water
ǽˮڵرͻ㼯γɵˮ壬ˮˮˮˮȡ
ˮԽˮΪҪԴˮҲ໥ϵ
ˮˮˮ״ΪصӰϴ
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3. ˮ(groundwater)
ڽˮ͵رˮز͸¶γɡ
ز͸ˮԲͬճɰʯʯȹɡ͸ˮɿϴɰʯɣˮˮ͸ˮɿϸСܵճϲʯ㹹ɡˮɷΪǳˮˮȪˮ
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    ˮָڵһ͸ˮµĵˮˮ͸ɫˮº㶨ϸ٣ຬߣӲȴˮˮʽϺãˮȶҵļʽˮˮԴ
Ȫˮǵˮͨر϶ӿĵˮǳˮڵزȻݻϪ
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ǶҪȡڽࡢС״ָˮﺬĹϵСǶȵı׼λ1Lˮк൱1mg׼γɵĻ״Ϊ1Ƕȵλ1ȡ
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1. pHֵ
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2. ܹ
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ܽԹˮ˺ٽҺõĲ京ҪȡˮеĿܽлĶ١
ԹˮвͨĹءˮܹ徭ƺелﱻȫֽӷʣµΪʡ
Ƶĺʧ¿˵ˮлĺ
3. Ӳ
ӲָˮиơþܺCaCO3mgLʾ
̼Ӳ    ơþ̼κ̼Σ
̼Ӳ  ơþΡȻȡ
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ˮʱˮ̼ηֽγ̼ζڸơþ̼βȫʱӲС̼Ӳȡ
ӲָˮкȥӲȡ
4. 
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ллܳơ
׵ָѾֽɽϼ򵥵л
л׵ҪԴڶֲ綯㡢ֲ︯ܡԭȡˮл͵׵ʱ˵ˮ½ܵԵлȾ
ȻˮȺлȾ¾΢ֽγɵмˮаʱʾ½Ⱦ
εˮа¾γɵģǰ̵мκߣˮл޻δɣȾΣȻڡ
εǺлֽղ
ˮεߣεߣʾˮȥлȾּԾ̡
εεߣʾˮȥ½ȾȥȾĿǰԾڽС
ָл¾΢÷ֽɰپΣپεĹ̡ǿɸˮаεε仯ۺϷжˮʵȾ״
5ܽdissolved  oxygenDO
ָܽˮе京еѹˮйء
ܽΪˮлȾԾ̶ȵļָꡣ
ˮܽС34mg/Lʱ档
6ѧchemica1 oxygen demandCOD
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7biochemica1 oxygen demandBOD
ָˮл±΢ֽʱĵܽˮл࣬ߡ
5BOD520  205պ1Lˮмٵܽ
8Ȼ
9
10л̼
л̼tota1 organic carbonTOC
ָˮȫлĺֻ̼ԱʾˮлĺλΪmgLˮлȾ̶ȵۺָ֮һ˵лȾʡ
tota1 oxygen demandTODָһˮлԭʣл޻һʱĺˮ屻Ⱦ̶ȵһҪָꡣ
TOCTODļпȡĲⶨʵֶⶨĿԶ
11к
    Ҫָˮؽѷֽл繯ӡ顢Ǧӡ軯лȺͶȡ

΢ѧ״ָ
1 ϸ     ָ1mlˮͨ֬о3724hϸԷӳˮȾĳ̶ȡϸֻΪˮȾĲοָꡣ
2ܴ󳦾Ⱥ
ָһȺ37ʱʹǷ͡24hڲĸѿ˾󳦾Ⱥϸǵһĳһϸ״ƵһȺϸ
ڷдڴĴ󳦾ȺϸϸΪȾˮָʾ
Ŀǰ¶ȵķͬԴĴ󳦾Ⱥϸ:
󳦾Ⱥ  44.5ʿ0.2ˮԡֳʹǷͶĴ󳦾Ⱥϸ˼ѪڵĴ󳦾ȺҪ󳦾Ⱥ
ܴ󳦾Ⱥ  37ֳǲĴ󳦾ȺϸȰ˼Ĵ󳦾ȺҲеĴ󳦾Ⱥ
ˮȾԴȾ
    ˮȾָŷŵȾˮ壬ˮԾʹˮˮʵԺˮеԡɵȷı䣬ӶӰˮʹüֵˮʶ񻯣Σ彡ƻ̬
һˮȾҪԴ
1ҵˮ     2ˮ
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    3. ũҵˮ
      ָũҵųˮˮˮũũ©ųˮũҵ
ˮҪеסصȻʡũҩлＰ󳦵ԭȡȻˮелʡֲӪءũҩҪԴũҵˮ
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ˮȾԾת
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Ⱦ̶ȡںľ۱ȣ˺ˮıֵľ۱ȴϡǿȾĿԺȾ̶ȽСȾΧȾ꼰εӰ쵽    2.ˮ     ˮˮٻǿϡͻϲˮΪص㡣ںˮص㣬Ⱦױˮϡͻ϶׳ףͨİþںӵ͡ˣԷʹȾڳĻˮʹˮĸýͣӶʹˮлʵԾ
ˮ帻Ӫeutrophication ˮˮɹຬסˮʱˮסӪԪع࣬ʹȸֳγˮ帻ӪʱռƵĸɫͬˮֺɫɫɫɫɫȣںʱˮںʱгೱ෱ֳѸ١ڶ̣ͨϸֽ⣬ˮܽʹˮʶ񻯣Σ༰ˮ档༰ڸùУְסӪͷŵˮУһá
    3.ˮ
    һˮܵȾʹȾԭȾԴˮˮϳʱָܻΪزȾﻹ᲻ͷŵˮУҵˮ仺ܽͣ΢ﺬ٣Ծϲ
    4
    ȾԴӡָĹҵˮˮͨˮע뺣ȾתƳȥ׷ֽȾںл߱︻γɺĳȾΣΪءȾһصȾΧ󡣽ĳೱҲܵйע

ˮȾԾ
 1ˮȾԾ
      ˮԾselfpurificationָˮȾȾˮѧѧ£ʹȾɷֲϡ͡ɢֽƻˮףˮȾŨ𽥽ͣˮָֻȾǰ״
      лԾһɷΪ׶Σһ׶ױлеĻѧֽ⣬׶ȾˮСʱɡڶ׶лˮ΢µﻯѧֽ⣬׶γʱĳˮ¡лŨȡ΢йأһҪաͨBOD5һָԱʾܱﻯѧл׶Ǻл̣׶һҪһҡ
2ˮԾ̵
    ȾˮͿʼԾ̣ùǿֱˮ𽥻ָ״̬
3ˮԾĻ
ˮԾĻưϡ͡ϡãԭֽ⻯ϵȻѧãԼֽ⡢ת︻ѧáÿ໥Ӱ죬ͬʱСһԣԾĳʼ׶ͻѧΪѧΪ
  лﾻĹУͬʱУˮܽΪ븴໥õĽˣ԰ܽΪˮԾһָꡣˮлȾУܽ仯߱ʾϵCpΪܽ͵㣬ڴ˵֮ǰôڸãˮܽ𽥽ͣˮ𽥶񻯣CpԺ󣬸ôںãܽ𽥻ָˮ𽥺תCpܽڵˮ׼涨ֵ4mgLˮклŷδˮԾл࣬ԾCp׼涨ܽŷŵεĳһӶλ״̬ʱˮлֽ⣬⡣ȣˮض񻯡ڷ
ˮе΢ˮ䣬ˮ׿ãɾɾãԼ˵ĻصӰԭ΢졣ѽˮ󣬳ѪѡѡƬѵˮз⣬Ѵˮף
ģˮȾת       ȾˮеתָȾˮеĿռλƺ̬ı䡣ǰ߱Ϊı仯ʵתֱ仯֮ͨ໥ϵ 1.ȾǨ     ָȾĳһصתƵһص㣬һֽתƵһֽʵĹ̡
Ⱦ︻ãbioenrichmentָĳЩﲻϴӻȡŨȼ͵ĽԪػѷֽĻھۼʹڴﵽ൱ˣжŨȡˮͨŨŴʹĳһԪػѷֽĻˮеŨȡ
2Ⱦת
      ҪָȾˮѧ⻯ѧѧáͨ˵ãȾıԭе̬ӽṹ¸ıȾлѧʡԼ̬ѧЧӦ
ˮȾΣ
һȾΣ
      ˮ²Ⱦ󣬾ͨáӴ;ˮȾıУ彡Σļҡ˺׵ȳȾѪ没ֵڳ没ȼ没
      ڸӪˮֳۼſ飬Ưˮ棬Ӱˮĸй״ˮˮԴʱˮ˳أʹˮʳζճҺճˮϣӰϢЩೱֳʱڵк簱ȿΣˮ̬ʹжȺṹ쳣ֳϸֽвˮеܽʹ罵ͣ㡢ȱ
    Щܲضࣨȣܸ඾أʳö˵ıɷжӪе壨ֳϸĳЩֿɲ඾ء ඾ض彡ӰܵǵӣΪ˵ȶһˮУһ㹩ˮͼͥвʹ֮ȫʧ

ѧȾΣ
  	ˮܹҵˮȾˮижѧ繯顢ӡ軯ũҩͨˮʳʹ巢ж
 1ͼ׻
    еĹԪعͻϹ̬޻ˮԪعһ۹Ͷ۹ʽڡĳЩϸ¶۹ӿɲ׻̬޻лм׻һȡ
ˮ幯ȾԴΪĿұȼǱӡϵȹҵҵ
ųķˮũҩʹá
ˮнϸͨ࣬еĹ΢¿תΪ׻׻׻ˮֿɴӵ෵ˮСˣ۹׻ȾˮΣ

ˮٶ  ձݵˮٶʳܼ׻Ⱦ㱴Լ׻ж
ˮٶķ  ׻Ⱦˮͨˮʳ壬θ£Ȼ׻ʿɴ95100%ѪҺļ׻ϸڵѪ쵰ϻϣ͸ѪϽ֯ΪصСԺʹԣرҶĩ񾭡׻ڴԵĸо˶ϸߣǴԺҶߣʹӾϰݹˣ60kgأˮٶ蹯Ϊ25mgͷк50gg
ˮٶ  ڼ׻̥̥ͨ̽֯Ӷ̥֯ɸ㷺𺦣Ϊˮٶڼ׻̥𺦱鼰ȫԣˮٶĲȳˮٶΪظӡ

2
໯ָбԭӱǻȡɵĻݱǻĿΪһԪӡԪӡԪӵȣǻķΪԪӡˮһӷе230£ĳƻӷӡͬˮһӷĳƲӷӡ
ӷˮҪ͡ȡúֽ÷ΪԭϵĹҵҵ⣬໯ﻹ㷺ݡȣ䡢ʹùоɽˮ塣
ӿͨƤθգպķҪڸɱӡӣȩȽ϶ʧȥԣȻҺųյķ24hڴлϣʷ໯жΪ¹ļж
ԷжҪΪˮסѡμѪϵͳ𺦣ȡõŨȺӵˮˣƤͷ衢ʧߡƶѪȵȡ
    ȷӶʵ鶯ﻹ»̥á
    Ⱦˮʹˮĸй״Զ񻯣ζ
ӻʹ㱴ˮƷζ侭úʳüֵ
ˮзӴһŨʱӰˮֲ棬ŨȵķӣǶԪӣˮ΢ֳӰˮԾá

3
polychlorinated  biphenyls  PCBsһЩûеԭӶγɵһ໯仯ѧʵȶ̶ԭӶߣᡢͼ͸ʴԵȡȼܡ
PCBsҪ湤ҵˮͳˮˮ塣
PCBsˮмΪȶڸſϳڵУȻˮǨƣͨˮȡʳϵͳ︻áPCBsͨʳƷһ;塣PCBs֬ǿڸ֯У֬֯кߡ
һЩвѧϱӴPCBsӰʹ߹PCBsΣ1968귢ձ׿ж¼ܺʳñPCBsȾ׿ͣ20003000mg/kgжҪΪƤɫسšס۷༰θ֢״ȣ߿ɷ𺦣ֻƾҡλж¼еиʳñȾ׿ͺеĳ̥ΪؼᣬƤɫ쳣۷ȣνġ̥֢PCBs̥̥ͨ̽ڡҲͨĸӤڶж
ˮˮʱ׼ˮŷű׼
һˮˮʱ׼
    ҹеĵˮˮʱ׼Ҫеˮˮ׼͵رˮ׼⣬ũˮʱ׼ˮˮʱ׼ҵˮʱ׼ȡ
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ҹƶˮˮ׼ԭǣ
ٷֹͨˮ
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۱֤ˮй״ã
ܱ֤ˮԾС
2رˮ׼
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ˮŷű׼
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 1ҵˮ
 2ҵˮĴ
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    2ѧûѧӦȥˮܽʵĴ
к͡ԭȡ
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    4ﴦ  ַˮͨ΢ĴлʹˮелȾתΪȶ޺ʣֳΪﻯѧ

ˮ䴦̶ȿɷΪ
һǴӷˮȥƯͲ״̬ȾڷˮpHֵԼˮĸ̶ȺͺոɡһԹȥʿɴ7080ȥ30%ңһ㲻ܴﵽŷű׼һڷˮеԤ׶Σж
ΪﴦȥˮдлȾʹˮõһĿǰشлˮ幤աͨˮеһȥ80%90
Ƿˮĸ߼ʩǽһȥδȥȾа΢δܽлԼסͿ޻ˮľȥ;ֱòͬĻѧѧȡ
3ˮ봦
ˮĴդɸصȣﴦ෨˳ط
4ҽԺˮĴ
    ҽԺˮرǴȾ˲ҽԺˮȡϸʩ

ˮȾ顢ͼල
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  2.ˮȾĵ
  3.ˮȾԾ񽡿Ӱĵ 
ˮȾļ
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ն棬ȾԴΣ
Ⱦ棬ȾԴΣ˽ˮȾ״ͳ̶ȣ
Ծ棬Ⱦһ롣
Ĳӵȶ
һˮ0.20.5m
2ʱʹ
ӦƽˮڡˮںͷˮڸһΣ
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4ˮʵļ⣺
кʣرؽĴֱֲһܷӳˮȾʷ״
5ˮļ⣺
ͨжˮȾ״ȾﶾԵĴСˮͬʱڶкʣˮӰãɷӳЩʶĹͬá

ˮල͹
    ҹˮȾηĹ涨ĻŶˮȾʵʩͳһලӦЭͬʵʩල͹

ġˮȾ¹ʴ     ˮȾ¹ʷʱӦȾ͡ʼˮȾĳ̶ȺͷΧ
ȾԴŷȣȡ¼Ľʩ
    һӦŪˮȾ¹ʵŷ
    Ⱦ¹ŷӰ
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ģɼŷԴˮȾˮڽˮˮм



 
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8 ѧʱ
ˮȾ뼲
һˮȾ
ˮȾ  ͨûӴܲԭȾˮļֳˮԴȾ
ˮȾĲԭҪࣺ
ϸ˺˾˺˾һ˾ȣ
ڲ͸ײײ没ٲȣ
ԭ棬ֵϳ桢֯װԭ桢Ѫȡ
Ҫ˷㡢ˮҽԺԼסƤʳƷҵȷˮ

ˮȾԭ
ˮԴܲԭȾδƴã
    ڴˮˮˮ±ԭȾ

ˮȾصΪ
ˮԴȾɳʱУͻȻִˣҶ߷ڼͬһǱڡˮԴȾ䷢߿겻ϡ
ڲֲ빩ˮΧһ¡߶ûӴͬһˮԴʷ
һȾԴȡʩ󣬼Ѹٵõơ

    ž  һֽˮͨļԭΪȷξŸ˾Legionella Pneumophila˾ֿǿȻˮ˹ܵյϵͳȴˮˮԼˮͷԡͷͨȾˮγɵܽٴ֢״ԷȡԼβ֢Ϊʽϸߡ
ӳ没ӳȾˮٴ֢״ҪΪк

ѧԼ
    ѧԼ  ڵԭʹؿǱԪطֲ⣬ʹеĵˮĳЩԪغ߻٣¸õȺзĳԼΪѧԼ

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طԷֳƵطԷжǳһȫԼҪΪͷ֢
ˮ󲿷Ϊԣ90% ϡʳеķԼΪ40% һ 80 
;ֶͣ
ˮ  úߵˮͷֲ㣬  90Ļ͡
ȼúͣضѡúеĺ࣬ؾϰ߳ȼú濾ʳʹڿͿʳзӶ±
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Ϊ΢Ԫ֮һĸ״лٽݺ͹ƻķɴʹݺ͹ͷ񾭴øлһá
θѸٱգת˵֯͸̥ϡڷҪͨų
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Ķüܻ£
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2ԹӰ죺
ٷƴʹӲܶӣƤǻСƹϸʹǸֿʹѸɡٴϳӲ͡ͺͻֱ֣
ڷȡǻ׻ʯǻʹ֮ɷ׻ʯӶƻʾṹɹϸƹϸִٽ¹γɣڹɹƤ񡢱ֲڡȲ䣻
۷ƹữøãӶӰ֯Ըεպá
    3ݵӰ죺Ҫ߷׶ΣʹϸжԣӰʹʸƻȫݱ࣬ڳֻ޹İߵ㡣ͬʱƻȫɶףɫزʹɫسš
    ķʱγɷ׻ʯ㣬ԣͬʱƿǻĳЩøĻԣʹ٣зȣá
    4ãжȫԼۼݺ͹֮֯⣬Էǹ֯ܲ𺦡
  2)ٴ
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ٰͣ޹󡢴ֲڣƷ۱״
ɫͣ΢ƣƺֻںɫ
ȱͣ䣬ʵ״Ƭ״ͼΰ״ʹ㷺ĺںɫ߿飬ǳѻ򻨰ȱȽʡ
ÿֿɷΪȣ
ȣڳϸϣ
жȣۼԱϣ
ضȣ潲ʱܱϡ
    WHOŲ弶෨ݰѡɫȱݳ̶ȡַȷ弶ɡᡢȡжȺضȡ
    2֢Ҫ֢״֫ؽڳʹҶΪʹһ㳿磬ᡣߺ͹ؽͣıӰ졣֢ߣԴһ˴⣬֫Ƥ߸СС֪˺֫顣Ҳɳ˥ۺθҵ֢״ҪǼ֫ؽڻޣ֫Ρ
  3)вѧ
lĵʺ
ҹˮͲĵʱΪʯ㣬ڽеĵش״شˮķߣһΪ25mgL߿ɴ 192mgLΪɺǿȵŨ͸
ȼúͲΪɽú㺬ߣ䡢ʪ
    2Ա뷢ĹϵķԱ޹ءЩŮԻߵĲأ븾Ůйء
    ķ䣬һݻ٣ݶ715귢ߡ
    ֢һ㶼1015Ժ󷢲ʺͲӶߺͼء
    ǵطԷָꡣ߲һз֢֢зǨ벡֢ߣһ޷
    3ˮʵĹϵһΧڣˮԽߣҲԽߡ
в죬ҷصӰ죬ȫһ¡ۺϹڸвѧϣˮĹϵΪ
ˮ 05 1.0mgLʱΪ 10 20; 
   l0 l.5mg/Lʱ Ϊ40 50;
          l.5mgLʱΪ90100
ǱָּһӦϵһЩܴˮΪ 20mgLʱ1 12ͯпɷ
  4)Ԥʩ
    lˮͣõͷˮԴˮ
    2ȼúͣ¯ǿͨ硢̴ʩ

 2. ȱ
    ȱϵָ̥ⲻһϵв֢طԼ״סطԿ͡طٴ̥͡ȡ

΢ԪأǺϳɼ״صҪԪأ
ÿÿΪ100150g
WHOƼΪ140g
ĵҪʳˮͿˮɷӳĺʳ£ˮ⺬ؾ
һ㵱ˮе⺬5l0gL
        ÿ40gʱбķ

ĳ̶ʱڣԼȱ̶ȣʱйءһΪ
̥ȱ͡Ʋǿ͡
ȱ⣬״״󣬼״ٹܵ£ֳ˥ˡԷȡ
  1)   ȱ˵һ̣״״󣬶ҿɵ֯ͣϰȡ
lԼ״Ӱ죺ȱʱ״غϳɼ٣ʹѪҺм״ŨȽͣص´ǰҶڴټ״࣬ʹ״״ڣ״״ΪԷӦڣȱʱӳϸȵήⲻļ״򵰰ײܾˮڳȥʹʶѻڡڣѹƤϸѪܼ٣Ѫ㣬ʹϸԻֲάԽڻƻ
2֯Ӱ죺
ȱ⣬ʹ״ټغϳɲ㣬״ȱʹ̥Ƥ㡢׺Լڶṹ裬ȱݼ
ȱ⣬״ȱʱӰϸͻγɺͽʵķ³ȱݺ¡
    оȱӰԵʵĺϳɺͻϢݡɺͷţԼϸȡȱԷӰ̶Ȳͬλͬ³ֲͬٴ֣߿ܽ£ɳֵ͵Ŀ֢͡״

  2)ٴ
l״װ״ʿɷ
͡
͡
͡
״̶ȣɷ֣
 
 Ĵָĩڣ
 ȣ׿13ȭͷڣ
 ȣ1323ȭͷ֣
 ȣ231ȭͷΣ
 ȣ1ȭͷнڡ
2͡
     ¡ơ֫Ρ̱ͽֱԲ̬
ճҺˮ м״ٹܵµȫص㣺Ƥͣ˻ơ鵭ĮȱݡΪСơ̱֡
    3ǿ͡Ϊϵͳ΢ٻ˲ٴ쳣ֲԣױӡʵ仼ԶڵͿ͡
  3)вѧ
lȱķֲһɽʸƽԭ½غũڳС

    2䡢Ա뷢Ĺϵ״״ڶͯʱڿʼ֣ഺڷʼߣ40Ժ½زǰͺ
    ŮԻһԡ    15  20飬Բ
3ˮ뷢ϵһ
ˮ      5gLʱ	ŵ⺬ļͣʼߣ
ˮ  540gLʱ		ˮӣʻ½
ˮΪ 4090gLʱ		ʽֵƽȣ
ˮ   90gL		ٶȻ
    ָȱ״״ĵ⣬ɷߵԼ״״
    4Ԥʩ
    1ѡú˵ˮԴˮ
    2⣺ٹʳΣʳмӵ⻯ػΣ⻯غ25֮һΪ˻ԸһЩΣKIO3京ΪγŨȲ30mgkg۵㲻 25mgkgûе 20mgkg   ڿڷעͣضȱ͡׹ӦεƫԶͽͨɽɲÿڷע͡
    ʳеĵʧӦܰװڸºͰ⣬Ʊʱɼȶ  049%ơ0lƻ  0l̼Ƶȡ

 3.طж
    طжǳúߵȻˮһֵط
    1  ˮΣAs3+ΣAs5+ʽڣױθգһ  95ϣѪѸٷֲڸΡƢ̥֯ͨϡտ죬ųʾԣ׸ںзḻϻıƤ֯ƤëƤָС
     løԣ As3+뵰׷ϵϻϣγȶӶʹøĻܵƣӰϸлϸ
    2ѪܡӰ죺һëϸѪܶҲһ񾭶ϵͳëϸѪܱڣѪܱͨ͸ߣëϸѪԣʹ֯ϸӪȱѪ񾭹Ҷˡ
    黹ͻ䡢»Ǳ°á
    2ٴ֢״  ж϶ҪΪƤɫ쳣ԺɫҺɫߵͰɫɫߣ໥ɢڷֲɣΪ֫ۼ棻ƺͽֺƤ߶ȽǻԼɲγɶֽǻߣʱɷչΪƤĩףڱΪ߸У֫ԳԸоϰ֫жѡ
    ֫Ѫ񾭹ңɵ΢ѭϰ֫Ѫխչ֫ĩƤڡ½Ͳж̨廹͸ֳ֫׳ƺڽŲ
    3Ԥʩ
    1ѡˮԴ
    2飬ȽAs3+ As5+ʯҴ3CaO As2O3 - Ca3AsO32

()ѧȾԽӰ
 1.軯
 軯ﾭڽڣθγᡣϸɫøĺϣγϸɫøʹ  Fe3+ ʧȥݵӵжϺʹϸϢ
軯Ķȡӵ
ӪVB12ȱʹӡ
軯ＱжٴҪΪϵͳȱ֢״ڼǰڡڡںڡ
жҪΪ˥ۺ˶ʹͻϰȡ
軯ø¿תΣдټ״ã״״

2.
    ۸΢Ԫأ֬Ǵл۸ĶԸ۸ʮٱһ۸ԱθգΪ 0 l 02۸գԼΪ۸ľűãڰ˥Ϊ27졣ж۸յѪҺ۸׽ϣֲڸΡΡ֯۸ͨϸĤѪϸʹѪ쵰ױɸѪ쵰ףȱĳЩøĻԣԭˮ̡ʹױԡᡢ˵׳۸ͻԺǱ°ԡ
    뺬ߵˮǻסθơ׺ͼ̷ƶѪɳֶġ
Ż¡ʹѪͬʱɰͷʹ겻١ڴָ׷ϣ֢״߳ݿˡ礡ѣᷢ˥ߵȡ

3. 
θϸ£ɻԭΣ߿Ѫ쵰׽γɸѪסȱӤرڵӤرУ׻Ѫ쵰֢Ѫ10ҵѪ쵰תΪѪ쵰ʱӤɳ礵ȱ֢״
    ⣬λٰγʳķйء

()ˮȻ
ȻϵָȻ±໯
±TrihalomethanesTHMs
± haloacetic acidsHAAs
ˮȩȴӡȴͪȻࡢȻ衢ȩ±Ҿ
±ǻ߻ૣ MXȡ
ˮдڵл﷢ӦγɵġͨˮγɵлΪлǰorganic precursorҪǸֳᡢᡢ༰л
ȡ

    ȻˮȻ±ࣨTHMs±໯HAASкܶڶʵоͻԺͣ°ԣеĻ»Ժͣ񾭶á
    Ȼ߻ͪ[3--4(ȼ׻)-5-ǻ-2(5)-߻ͪMX]ˮŨȽng/Lˮƽкǿͻԡ
ȻʱӦȻĿǰȻĴʩ:       ̿ȥ򽵵лǰﺬ;       ͨ̿ͻȥȻ;
ı䴫ͳȻգԤȻ;ȷ;
    (O3ClO2)ԼȻγɡ  ()߲㽨ιˮȾ     ߲㽨ιˮֳƸ߲㽨μѹˮ     ιˮˮȾԽӰ죬ȡȾԴȾʡȾͨˮȾ縹кˮʲPbAsCdFeȺ࣬ɵΣ

ˮ׼ˮ׼
һˮˮʱ׼
     1׼ƶԭ
ˮˮʱ׼ƶԭ뷽ˮˮ׼ͬ
Ҫˮвѧϰȫ;
ѧʼʶ彡޺;
ȷˮĸй״á
⣬ѡָȷ׼ֵʱҪǾüϵĿԡ 
   2ҹˮˮʱ׼ƶ
    ҹˮ׼(GB5749-85)涨35ˮʱ׼ĿΪ:
й״һ㻯ѧָꡢ
ѧָꡢ
ϸѧָ
ָꡣ

   1й״һ㻯ѧָ
    (1)ɫ:   			Ӧ15ȡóɫ
    (2)Ƕ: ˮĻǶ10ʱձ鷴ӳˮʻǡݵԴˮ澻ˮһ5ȣܴ3¡ͻǶȶԳȥĳЩкʡϸЧȷˮȫȷ涼лãҪĩˮĻǶȲ3ȡ߲5ȡ
    (3)ζ:  		ζ
    (4)ۿɼ:	ӦС
  	(5)pHֵ: 		涨ˮpHֵΪ6.58.5
    (6)Ӳ: 		涨ӲȲ450mg/L
    (7): 			0.2mg/L
    (8): 			0.3mg/L
    (9):			0.lmg/L
(10)ͭ:			1.0mg/L
    (11)п: 			1.0mg/L
    (12)ӷ:໯жڼʱγɳζǿȷӣŨȽϵͣΪ0.005mg/Lλ׷Ϊ0.002mg/L,λͼλ׷ӾΪ0.00lmg/Lݸй״Ҫ󣬹涨ˮлӷ(ԱӼ)0.002mg/L
    (13)ӺϳϴӼ:ĿǰϳϴӼ͵Ϊʵ䶾Լ͡ʳδкӰ졣ˮŨȳ0.5mg/Lʹˮĭζʹ涨ŨȲ0.3mg/L
(14): 		250mg/L
    (15)Ȼ: 		250mg/L
    (16)ܹܽ: 1000mg/L
    2ѧָ
    (1):
ˮз0.51.0mg/LʱĻΪ10%30%ΪȰ;1.01.5mg/LʱѸߴ45%ϣСضȻࡣ0.5mg/Lȣݻʸߴ50%61%0.51.0mg/LĵΪ30%40%ۺϿ1mg/LʱݵӰͷķȣ;Լ߷ھüԡʹ涨ˮзﺬӦ1.0mg/L
    (2)軯: 	ʹˮζζΪ0.1mg/Lʵ֤:軯Ϊ0.025mg/kgʱĹøߣб仯0.005mg/kgʱ쳣仯˼൱lmg/Lǵ軯ﶾԺǿӦһȫϵʹ涨ˮ軯ﺬó0.05mg/L
    (3): 	ˮк1.02.5mg/Lʱж0.12mg/Lʱˮ10ɳжƲҷ麬ߡúΪ0.0270.081mg/Lľ䷢ȺԲ졣౨ˮ0.05mg/LʱδκкӰ졣ʹ涨ˮó0.05mg/L
    (4): 			ó0.01mg/L 
    (5): 			ó0.001mg/L
    (6):úΪ0.110mg/LˮӺӡݱĳؾú0.47mg/Lˮδκ֢״ҹˮӵƽŨȼ0.01mg/L1972ũ֯ʳƷӼרίԱȷʳˮͿȡӵÿܲó0.40.5mg涨ˮó0.01mg/L
    (7):۸۸Դ󡣶ʵ:úŨΪ0?4525mg/Lˮһ꣬δֶԷӦø5mg/Lˮʱ֯иӡݱĳͥúˮ0.45mg/L꣬δ쳣ˮһϵͣʹ涨ˮ۸ó0.05mg/L
    (8)Ǧ:1972ũ֯WHOרίԱȷÿÿǦΪ3mgͯӤ̥︾ŮԻǦϳ˺һȺСо֤ʵˮǦΪ0.1mg/LʱͯѪǦֵ30mg/100mlĩˮǦһ0.05mg/Lʹ涨Ǧó0.05mg/L
    (9): 		ó0.05mg/L
(10):  ڵˮε1425.5mg/Lʱ20δӤ׶Ѫ쵰֢1030mg/LʱlӤѪҺбѪ쵰׺Բ죬30mg/LʱԲ졣ʹ涨εó20mg/L
    (11)ȷ: Դˮдлǰʱγ±ʣȷºߡݱȷ¿СΰԴ1984WHOˮˮ׼ƼȷˮеֵΪ30g/L涨ȷµֵΪ100g/Lҹ涨ˮȷºӦ60g/L
    (12)Ȼ̼: Ȼ̼жֶѧЧӦʵ֤շСϸ1984WHOˮˮ׼򡷵Ľֵ涨ˮеȻ̼ó3g/L
    (13)(a):  ڱˮб(a) źһ0.01g/LǱ(a) Ϊǿ°Ωһжѧȷֵ轫Сο1984WHOˮˮ׼򡷵Ľֵ涨ˮб(a) źó0.01g/L
    (14)ε:Ҫϵͳࡣúε2mg/LˮԲ䣬0.2mg/LˮڵεǿԣӦϿǡʹ涨ˮеεŨȲӦlg/L
(15):ǿΪ0.02mg/LǿʵС°ԣҹˮһ1g/Lʹ涨ˮĺӦ5g/L

    3ϸѧָ
    (1)ϸ:  		ÿmlˮó100
    (2)ܴ󳦾Ⱥ:  ܴ󳦾ȺˮˮʵҪָꡣҹˮ׼(GB5749-85)й涨ÿˮó319841993WHOˮˮ׼򡷣1994޶ı׼й涨l00mlˮвüܴ󳦾Ⱥ
    (3)󳦾Ⱥ:ҹˮˮʱ׼(GB5749-85)δ涨Ŀ󳦾ȺԴ˺Ѫ㡣󳦾ȺˮѱȾжˮǷܷȾҪָꡣ1994޶׼ӴĿ1993WHOˮˮ׼򡷣涨ÿl00mlˮвü󳦾Ⱥ
    (4):ָʱȽӴһʱˮʣʵ֤Ӵʱ30min0.3mg/LʱԳ²(˺˾˾)塢ϸ˾ȾɱáȵζΪ0.20.5mg/LԶмΪ2.5mg/Lʹ涨ʱӴ30minȲ0.3mg/L
    ڳֶȾʱױľĩˮȿΪԤʾٴȾźš涨ĩˮȲӦ0.05mg/L
 
    4ָ
    £ˮзŨȺܵͣҹˮ׼WHOƼֵ:涨ܦԲ0.1 Bq/Lܦ·Բ1 Bq/L

ˮ׼
  ˮ"ھָÿһÿĵƽˮ
ˮָһˮһˮ
ʱˮָСʱˮ
ձ仯ϵ(Kd)  һˮƽˮıֵ
ʱ仯ϵ (kh) ڣʱˮƽʱˮıֵ

ʽˮ
һˮԴѡ 
 
ȡˮȡˮ豸
 
ˮʴ 
    ĸˮհ()˺
    1
      ȻˮмʹˮеͽʻճۺϳɽϴȻˮг˹̳Ϊ
    1ԭ  Լ
    (1)ѹ˫:  
    (2)к  
    (3)

    2
    ָˮͨϲ(ɰʯ)ˮ΢ʱڹ˲ϻ˲УﵽĹ;ˮ˺󡣲ϸʧȥʵıã(¶״)Ϊһ˺
˳ع:
(1):ʱϺ࣬Чߣ轵ٻʵгˮ;
(2):ʱϱĤˮЧ;
(3)ϴ:ڹ˹У˲϶ϼСˮԽԽˮˮˮǷѣֹͣˣϴϡ

  3.
1) Ȼ
Ч  ȻоɱЧɷֳΪЧȡȻзȵļ-1߾ΪЧȡƯ׷ۺЧԼ25%30%Ư׷۾Ч60%70%
    (1)Ȼԭ:ȼˮк󣬺ܿˮɴ᣺
                           Cl2+H2O --> HOCl+H+ +Cl- 
    					Ư׷ۼˮкҲˮɴ 
                  2Ca(OCl)Cl+ 2H2O --> Ca(OH)2 + 2HOCl + CaCl2 

СΪԷӣнǿϸڵ;ͬʱǿϸĤʹͨ͸ӣϸڵʡRNADNA©Ӱ͸ŶøϵرøеϻʹǴл裬յϸȱøϵȵֿϸǿȶԲãڶԺ𺦡

(2)ӰȻ:
     ټͽӴʱ:
Ϊˮе⣬Ӧһʣ
 =  + 
ָԼлͻԭ޻ĵ
ˮʣȡ֣
ȼ(ָHOClOCl-) (ָNH2ClNHCl2)
ȼˮкԼӴʱйءȶԣҪӴ3Omin0.30.5mg/LȣԻҪӴ12h12mg/Lȡ
	ȵĹϵ:
ˮްʱˮΪ㣬(OAʾ)ˮдлԭʱΪMʱΪ㡣Ժżӣ(MBʾ)
     ԭˮ백0.5mg/Lʱɿ۵0.5mg/LʱĻѹɿCǰ
    ˮpHֵ:  ʣˮаʽ:HOCl ===H+ + OCl-̶ȺpH¶йءpH<6.0ʱHOClӽ100%;pH=7.5ʱHOClOCl-;pH>9ʱOCl-ӽ100%ݴ󳦸˾ɱHOClɱЧʱ0C1-80ʱˮpHֵ̫ߡ
    ˮ:ˮ¸ߡɱÿ졣05 ɱ󳦾ʱ2025 Cʱ3
    ˮĻǶ:ʱʹHOClOCl-ֱˮϸӴܴﵽɱЧˮǶȸϸϣȵôﲻϸʹЧ͡
    ˮ΢:ͬ΢ȵԲͬǰϸ࣬ˮϸѴﵽ׼Ҫ
 
   (3)
    ͨȻ:
    Ȱ:
    ۵:
    ܹ:
  2) 
  3)  
  4)  
 4.ˮʵ⴦
 5.ˮȴ   
()ˮҪ
()ˮ
ɢʽˮ
һũˮ
    1Сͼʽˮ
    2ɢʽˮ
ˮˮ
    ˮˮһ΢ˮȴװá
    1ˮ
    		ˮ
      	ˮɲּ
  		ˮѧҪ
  
    2ˮ
    ˮĳˮˮҪӦ1998䲼͸ˮװȫ빦۹涨еҪ
ˮĵ顢ͼල
ˮλӦˮӦϹˮ׼Ҫʵල
һʽˮ顢ͼල
    1ˮԴ
    2ˮ
    3ˮʼ
    ŸҪӦԼʽˮλԼԱˮλĹˮϵͳˮʽжڳ飬ˮʷơ

ũˮ顢ͼල
ũˮҪǸˮˮʺ͹ˮʽչʽˮ
    1ˮԴ   ˮԴ飬ӦˮԴʩ
    2ˮʼ
    3ˮԼļ  Ҫռͻܱ;ͺʵˮ
ԴȾĴʱ䡢Լɵʧȡ
    ˮԵطļ⣬ռͻܵصطм¼ĵطԷ(ȱж)Ĳʷ顢ˮԼˮĲ仯

ֺڼˮӦʩ
    1ǿˮԴص㱣еļʽˮˮԴ
    2Ͱȫˮˮ
    3ǿˮ
    4ÿƶˮʾʩʱСˮ
5ǿˮʼ⼰Ծˮ豸ȵļ춨͹


 
   
6ѧʱ

Ļ
оԾ񽡿Ӱ;
ƶ׼Ҫ;
ʻԪرֵоල;
ƶԾ״̬ĴʩԼЧشַĴʩȡ

ԪصıֵƱֵָõδȾȻиԪصĺ

ȾԾ
һȾ
Ⱦ  ųкʽУӰũֱӻӵΣ󽡿󣬳ΪȾ
ȾҪԴ:
(1)Ⱦ:㡢ˮȣ
(2)ҵͽͨȾ:ҪǹҵˮԼȾ
(3)ũҵȾ:ҪũҩͻȾ
Ⱦ෱࣬Ҫࣺ
ѧȾ(ҪһЩؽũҩ)  ҪԹҵˮũҵȾ
Ⱦ(粡ԭ)  ҪԷ㡢ˮ
Ⱦ  Ժ顢˵վͿлųķˮͷ

ȾȾķʽ3:
 (1)ȾɴȾȾ
 (2)ˮȾҪǹҵˮˮͨˮȾ
 (3)Ⱦǹҵ㡢ũҩͻʵȶȾ

ȾԾ
    ȾԾָȾͨѧѧãʹԭ𣬸кת޺ĳ̶ȣ𽥻ָȾǰ״̬
(һ)ԭ
    ԭ΢չ䣬в˲ԭ΢Ļ΢׿ãɾãԼֲϵڵɱص಻ص¶
()лľ
    елȾ΢£л޻ֳʻ
    1.л޻  л΢£ֽɰΣΪ׶Ρڳ£ΣһΣΪ׶Ρ̼лγɶ̼ˮ顣ԼлշֱγλΡ򴼡׻ȶʣͺ̼лİһԶȾ
2.лĸֳʻ  
ֳ л΢·ֽΪ򵥵Ļͬʱºϳɸӵĸ߷ӻΪֳʡ
ֳʵĳɷֺܸӣкľءʡ̼ˮ֬͸ֳȡ
ֳʻѧ壺
ֳʵĻѧȶԭѾ𣬲Ӭûвζʵɣǰȫģũҵһõķϡ

()ѧȾеǨơתͲ
     ؽũҩĲ  еؽȾ粻ǨƳȥԳԲͬʽСǦ顢ũҩİΪ10-30꣬лũҩҲ2-4ꡣѧȾũеĲ뻯ѧȾԼйءðںͲڱʾ
    Ļ  ĳȾĻָһԪһʱڣڲ׼ǰԸȾɵ󸺺Ļƶ׼ͷʩҪݡ

ȾԽӰ
һؽȾΣ
Ⱦʹʹ
ʹʹ緢ձɽͨںӷˮȾũĹȫʹպ۲ֹʹʹ(ƹʹ)
ҪǺӷˮũȾ˵ףʳúӺܸߵĵ()
߶Ϊ40϶̥Ů
Ҫٴ:ۣϥؽۣԺ鼰ȫĴʹֹʹҩЧ΢·෢ԹۣڿԡʱҲۡ֫Σѹ̱Σ͹ɣжѣȳԴ
Ӻߡߣеͷӵ࣬øиı䡣Ӻɸߴÿʮ΢ˣ߿ɴ100ug/L(2ug/L)Сܣʹ쳣ơ״лϰ¹Ѹƣࡣ
òӪ·߶򼫶˥Ͳ
˲ǱΪ2-4ꡣڵΪ16-33꣬ڵﵽһ̶Ȳŷ
ЧƷʺܸߡ
Ԥʩ֤Ӻ1.Omg/kg⣬֯(WHO)ÿ˵ӲӦ400-500ug

ҹȾ½Σж׼
    ΪڷȾĽΣҹƶˡȾ½Σж׼(GB17211-1998)ж׼ָӻѧ۵㣬жĳȾǷѹɵضȺĳֽΣ׼(6-3)Σָﵽжֵͬʱͬһܼ˵ܼ֮ٷֱȣΪϷӦʡ
ȾֳĻѧϣԵؽӴӵĶȺӸΪȾųְҵӽӴϰչܺСϸ𺦵ĽΣָ꼰ﵽжֵϷӦˮƽȾǷ񼺹ɵȺΣڵж
ȷĹҵȾԴͻܵӹҵȾˮˮԲʳ߲ʳƷĳұ׼ĵΪ۲һֱסȾʳõԲʳ߲˵ҪʳƷķ;
ؾƽÿﵽ300ug;25-54ĳڶӾΪȺ
ΣָͬʱﵽжֵܼߣΪȾڽΣĸ壬Ϊ׷ٹ۲ΣָͬʱﵽжֵһȺܼռܼϷӦʴﵽжֵģȷϸȾѹɶԵضȺڽΣ

Ⱦж
Ⱦͨұ͹ҵķˮȾж
飬ҹɽ´軯ﺬΪ106mg/kgˮܽУʹ躬5Omg/kgٱ߲ո߲躬ɴ11.4mg/kg
ؾж200
жҪ֢״ͷʹͷΡʧߡΡˡ֫ΧԼѷ(ɳְͺȫͺ)ȡ

Ⱦ
ܸȾԽΣҪ۸
ȾҪԸͽұơƸȹҵˮ
۸ˮ׾ũΣ񽡿

ũҩȾΣ
ʹũҩĲŨһǺܵ͵ģͨʳŨʹŨǧ򱶡ũҩȾҪͨʳ壬Σ
    (һ)ж
ũҩжĳԭΪȷʹũҩɱ
    ()ж
ڽӴũҩжлȺлũҩж
лũҩжҪΪʳϸʹͷΡͷʹʧߡجεȣ״͸ι쳣лũҩ֬Ծ֬ееĸߴlOmg/kgϡлũҩжһ֢״⣬ҪΪѪҺеø־õĽ͡ũҩжӰøĻԣ΢øȱתøȩøøøյȡøԵĸı䣬ȻҺͲı䡣ڷϵͳ߹ܵҲһӰ졣
    ()ͻ䡢°»

ȾΣ
    ȾȻǵǰȾҪΣӰ㡣
    (һ)𳦵Ⱦͼ没
    ųĺвԭķȾֲ߲˹ϹȶȾò(--)
    ()𹳶岡̿Ҳ
    вԭĶȾ󣬲ԭͨƤճĤò(--)
    ()˷ⶾж
Ȼг˷˾ⶾ˾˽ӴȾ(-)

׼ͷŷű׼
һ׼
׼ָкʵŨȡ
(һ)ƶ׼ԭ
    1.Ӱ彡  ڸñ׼ķΧڣʹũˮͿԵ׼Ӱ콡
    2.ӰԾ  ƶ׼Ҫ֤Ծ̵峣С
()׼о
    ƶк׼ʱӦռʵʼдڵ״̬ͷϡ
    1.ʵо
     (1)кȶԵо:
 (2)кũˮͿǨо:
 (3)кʶԾӰо:
 (4)ʵо:
2.ֳвѧо  
ȵиûѧʵıˮƽʵȾԼǨơתԾɡȻоȾĽ״ķʡʺĳ Щ߷Ӧָ֮ĹϵкʶԾ񽡿΢ӰŨȺͶԽΣŨȣΪƶ׼ṩֱݡ
     ۺоƶкʵŨȱ׼

׼
ҹеġ׼(GB15618-1995)ɹһַġ
ñ׼ܺͱĿ껮Ϊ࣬涨ִͬвͬ׼ֵ(¼13)

ŷű׼
    ƶŷű׼Ŀڿũˮ͵ˮȾ̬ƽ⣬彡ŷű׼ķ涨˿ŨȻ

ල
һ
Ϊ˷ֹȾԹ(solid waste)дá
(Ʒ)ָӹͨԼȡĿ֮󣬶Ĺ̬ཬ״ʡ
ҹӹҪΪࣺ
ҵ
к 
 ȡ
ҹ1995䲼ˡȾηʵ
ٲ
á
޺   ԭ
ҹ飬"޺""""Դ"ΪƹȾļߡȷϳһʱ"޺"Ϊ"޺""Դ"ɣ"޺"""Ӧ"Դ"Ϊ
    (һ)޺
޺ǿƳȾũҵϺ͸Ҫʩ
ռ˳ϵͳ
ϵͳָ㾭ˮʽͨˮܵˮϵͳ
˳ϵͳָ޳ˮܵ乤˳
    1.  ռĳҪ:
    (1)λʵ:ʽӦѡʸӵӦˮλ2mϣɢʽˮˮԴʳҵ׻30mĵط
    (2)Ҫ߳棬ѩˮ룬ӦȾˮ
    (3)зӬ󡢷ʩ
    (4)ɹ⡢ͨãʹ÷㣬ڱࡣ
    񻯷زǻܴﵽҪһֿʽ(ͼ6-1)ط񣬵һɱ֤30ңԱַ͸죬ʹԭ𣬼Ѽ١ҺֱϡҹϷũձʹô˿ʽ˽о͵شԷˮеĴ󳦾ȺCODָ꣬õľЧ1OmǳˮȾ
:Ҧ־(ѧ)1994
     2.˳  ӦҪ:
    (1)֤ʱ˳ԷȾ
    (2)乤߱ܲ©װ˹вȾ桢ˮԴʹ
    (3)˾ܻеܱջ˳·ߺʱ䣬Ⱦ
    (4)ǿ๤˵ĸ˷
 
   3.޺  ޺ܶ࣬ʺҹҪ:
ܷⷢͷ
ѷʷ
ͷ ȡ
    (1)Ϸͷ:ָܱշֽͣ⺬л백ˮ͸ѿɱѣѪѶ԰СҲʹԭ𡣸ķ÷ϡ˷()ʹá
    (2)ѷʷ:ǰѷл()ˡҶȰһѻһ¶Ⱥ΢£ֽлﲢ£ʹԭγɴֳʡ
    (3)ͷ:ǽ㡢Ӳݡˮȷܱյķͳڣ·ֽлļ()ԭ͵ĹѼ95%ϡô÷ϡԴշҪһ¶ȣһ32-34 Cʱֳ졣ȫܱյ˵pHҪֹӰ΢Ļһܵһʱɡҹ޺׼(GB7959-87)й涨͵׼6-9
 ()޺
  1.Ĵ
  		(1)ѹͷѡ
  		(2)
  		(3)ķա
 	 	(4)"ɫȾ"ķ:
   2.Ļá
    ()кҵĴʩ
    1.ȫ
    2.շ  ʺлԹҵĴ
    3.̻  ҹҪڴԷ
    4.ѧ  
    5.﷨  ｵⶾ
    6.жҵմ
 
   ()ˮʩ
óˮũȽ˳вˮ⣬Ϊũҵṩˮͷϡ
ʩ
    1.ˮԤȴ  ﵽũˮʱ׼(GB5084-92)Ҫܹȡ
    2.ֹȾˮԴ  
    3.ֹȾũ
    4.ֹȾ
5.ֹӬ

ල
(һ)Ԥ
    пȾһйĿ͸ʩ뾭ܲ׼󷽿ʵʩԱȲȡԤʩֹȾ
()
    ලලչйط棬ϽڷѷźʹؼΧоල͹ʹ֮ﵽ׼Ҫ
()
ݰȾԴ顢Ⱦ״⣬ȾԾ񽡿Ӱĵ顣
 1.ȾԴĵ  ȾԴص㡣
 2.Ⱦ״
    (1)ѡͲ:
ʱķֲӦȾص
ȸݵĿĶͬȡ5-lOcmýͲڲΪ1.Om
    (2)Ȼ׵⡣
    (3)ѧȾĵ⡣
    (4)Ⱦĵ:
    1)󳦾ֵ:ִ󳦾Ϊ󳦾ֵǴȾҪָ꣬ҲǴȾΣԵҪָꡣ
    2)Ĥ˾ֵ:ҲǴȾָꡣΪĤ˾ѿ̬дʱȴ󳦾ԣоʹ󳦾ϵͿжܷȾʱ䳤̡
    3)׳:жȾҪ壬Ϊֱ˵вѧǷ彡вݻ׳еĲͬ׶ԼѺռİٷֱжԾ̶ȡ
 3.ȾԾ񽡿Ӱĵ  
    (1)ʺʵ飬ȾĽ״жԱȷԷȾ񽡿Ĺϵ
    (2)ѯʵ:˽Ⱦ۸оӰķӳͳƷ
    (3)񽡿:ѡдһľٴ飬Լ߹ܵȽ״飬Ա㷢־񽡿״ı仯ȾĹϵ
(4)кھˮƽĵ:ϼ⡣ӦȾѡָꡣһѡͷѪ֭ҺȣжˮƽΣճ̶ȡ


 
סլ빫
6ѧʱ
סլѧҪ
һסլѧ
סլоҪ
1.оסլԾ񽡿Ӱ졣
2.оסլЧල  
    ⽨סլԤල;
    Խɵסլֳѧۡ
3.ᳫƹȽסլ
סլĻҪ
(һ)ƶסլҪԭ
    1.߻ϵͳܡ
    2.ڶͯĽ
    3.ֹ
    4.ѧϰ͹Ч
    Ҫ⣬ӦҹĹ飬ʹ޵ʽغͽĵԴáȫ;õԭ
()סլĻҪ
    סլӦȡִʩиҪ:
    1.С
    2.ɹ
    3.
    4.
    5.ʩȫ
    6.ֹ
    7.ӽȻ
סլƵҪ
һסլƽ
 (һ)סլĳ
    סլĳָסլҴԵķסլաɹ⡢ͨ硢СͿ̶ȵȶܲӰ졣
 ()סլļ
 ()סլڸ֮Ĺϵ
 ()סլз
ֳƾסռ(habitable space)(living room)ҡ
䣬(bathroom;ϴԡϴ)ҡ(ǰ)Լռʩ
סլҵģ
סլеңҰճסլеҡҺ鷿()
ģָҪľݻߡͽӦеĹģ
 (һ)ݻ
    ˾ݻָÿסռоҵĿռݻݻסߵʡСͿйأסլ״Ҫָ֮һ
ڿж̼ĺۿȵһҪָ꣬ҲΪݻǷҪҪָ֮һCO2Ũȴﵽ0.07%ʱеľоݴˣж̼ŨȵѧҪӦ0.07%Ӧ0.7L/m3
()Ҿ
Ҿָڵذ嵽컨֮ĸ߶ȡ
()
ֳƾס
 ()ҽ
    ҽָǽڱǽڱľ롣աɹͻйء
ҽذԵ߶֮ȳϵϵһɹľҲӦ22.5ɹľҲӦ45
ָ꼰ѧ:
    (1)ֵ(Ac/Ad):ֱָȻɹڵĴڵ֮ȡ
(2)Ͷ뿪:
ͶָڹɹԵߺˮƽɵļнǡͶǲӦС27㡣
ɹڸڹʱ涨ǵҪ
ڹԲڹ϶˵ߺ͹ɹԵ֮ļнǡǲӦС4㡣
    (3)ɹϵ:ֳȻնϵָڹˮƽ(രlm)ɢնͬʱտڹطɢ(ȫ죬̫)ˮƽնȵİٷֱ(%)һҪֵӦ1%¥ݼ䲻Ӧ0.5%
˹նȱ׼Ӧ̶ܳȺͳʱ涨Ķ·ҵȽϾϸʱһӦﵽ100lxңֻʱԵЩӦ30lx䡢¥ݼӦ151x
סլСԽӰ켰Ҫ
һСԽӰ
Сֳ΢СָСΧڵ
СҪ¡ʪȷ(Χǽڵ¶)ĸɡͬʱڲۺ壬ҪӰ졣
Сָ
    Ч¶(Effective temperatureET)
Ч¶ڲͬ¶ȡʪȺͷٵۺȸоָ꣬Է=0m/sʪΪ100%Ϊ17.7ʱȸΪ۱׼ͬ¡ʪͷɵС֮Ƚ϶óETֵ
УЧ¶(CET)  翼ǵȷӰ죬ɽ(¶)ú¶ȣõЧ¶ȣΪУЧ¶ȡ
Ч¶ȿ½еʱ˵ȸоƤ¶ȡȶһعϵһ̶ܷӳСۺá
סլСҪ
    סլСҪΪ˱֤ƽ⣬Ҫܱ֤õȸоԼѧϰϢ˯Чʡ
    1.ָΧ
    2.Сʱ䡢ռϵȶ
ڿȾԽӰ켰Ҫ
һڿȾԴص
(һ)ڿȾԴ
ڿȾγɵԭͽڵҪȾԴɷΪ:
    1.ȼջ  ҪָȼϵȼգԼʱʳͺʳļȺһȾҪж򡢵һ̼̼((a)ŵ°Զ໷)Լȡ
2.˵Ļ  
ųлԼ̸ʱķĭȶȾԴ
̸һҪкԴ
һȾҪкCOˮ໯Դ̬ԼܺCO״Ҵױ̼װѡȷ¡⡢黯⡢ȩڴлĲ
Ⱦߺʹ߶ɽв˸˾ȲԭĭȾڿ
3.ϺװƷ  
ȩҪȩ֬ͷȩ֬ճϼĭֽǹ㷺ڷݵķȡװΣЩеļȩͷųȾڿ
Ҫשʯ顢úҵԤƹСԺءʵĸԪصʯΪʱŨȻ൱ߡ
4.  
()ڿȾҪص
    1.ҪȾص  Ⱦһ㶼Ũнϴ˥
    2.ͬȾķԴʱص  ȾŨڸ⡣
    3. 
    4.ϺװƷȾص
5.˹Ⱦص  

ڿȾΣ
    (һ)ѧȾΣ
    1.̼  CO2Ũȴﵽ0.07%ʱ߼ио;CO20.1%ʱн϶˸е
2.ȼղ  Ⱦ:
һȼʳɷ֣úк򡢷顢ӡҷֵ;
ȼڼӹлֲʹõĻѧӦʡũҩȾ;
ȼﾭºȽϳɷӦĲ
    3.  ʳڼʱ̡вѧʾǷ۰ͷٰΣء
    4.̲ȼղ  ̲ݵȼղͳ̲̲ݵĳɷ൱ӣиʴǧ֮࣬ȼղͨ;Σ:
  (1)Σ
      (2)Σ:
5.ȩӷл    
ȩ  һֻӷл˵ļȩΪ0.06mg/m30.07mg/m3ܴ󡣼ȩд̼ԣ0.15mg/m3ۺ졢ᡢʺ﷢顢ԡ˻ơơƤ﷢Ƥ׵ȡȩ̬ӦҪǹʱ;ڽӴ1.34mg/m3ȩܳ˥֢״;еĻι쳣жԸ;ιܷҲɳֺԹϰ
ŴоּȩͻȾɫˡ
ӷл(Volatile organic compounds;VOCs)  ĿǰѼ500֣ܳΪVOCs,TVOCʾĿǰΪVOCsζһ̼;ˮƽʧ;ӰϵͳܣͷΡͷʹ˯ơʳ񡢶ĵȣ˸Ѫϵͳֱ̬Ӧȡ
     6.뱼  ͨ£222RnΪ뱡뱵İ˥Ϊ3.8죬һ˥䵽뱼壬ɴӸݳ졣˥еĲܳΪ뱵塣뱵ÿ˥̶Ц»÷䣬кӰ졣뱵ƽŨ0.110Bq/m3֮䣬ڿ5l00Bq/m3֮䡣      뱼(218Po214Po)彡Σ ҪΰǱΪ1540ꡣΪ⣬뱱κʶ ΰ
()ȾΣ
ڿе²΢Ҫַͨʽд:
ڳ
˵ĿڻǻķĭС
ڷĭγɵ"ĭ"ڡ
    1.žž 
2.ԱӦԭĹ֢  л۲Լũεȡ

ҿȵָ꼰Ӧʩ
(һ)۾ҿȳõָ
    1.̼(CO2)   CO2ŨȿԷӳкۺˮƽҲԷӳͨ绻ʵЧһ̶ϿΪڿȾһָꡣҪCO2ŨӦ0.07%£߲Ӧ0.1%(GB/T170941997)
2.΢  ĿǰϸΪҿϸѧָꡣʾķ:һÿһƽϾγɵλ;һÿһƽʵõľγɵλٰ÷˹ʽΪÿ׶ٸϸ
ڿҪɲҹס׼     3.һ̼(CO)  COȾŨʱɲҹס׼     4.(SO2)  ڿSO2Ҫ󣬿ɲҹס׼     5.  ᡢı仯Ⱦָı仯ءڿȾԽأĿԽ٣ĿԽࡣˣҿӵıֵ(Nʿ/nʿ)ں̶ܴϿԴҪȾۺ״һΪֵС50ʱֵ࣬50ʱǡ     6.к ()־ҿȵʩ
1.סլĵضѡ     2.Ϻװβѡ     3.סլƽ  
    4.סլģ  
    5.øƿĴʩ
    6.Ľϰ  
    7.ʹúͱʩ
8.ǿͽȫ

סլŷ͵
סլ
ָϲҪ
ABC  ݴߡСǿȵĵߣ100 phone70 phone40 phoneߣģ˶ⶨһơֱA()B()C()ǿֵͨAǿȣλΪdB(A)
(һ)סլԴ
    סլԴҪ档
      
      
    ͨ  
()סլԽӰ
סլԽӰҪ档
    1.ӰϢ˯  
    2.Ӱ͹Ч
3.𼲲½  
ԽΣΣΣ档
    (1)ٵӰ(Σ):  
Ӱ̶ȿɷΪӦƣͺȼ
ڽӴ80dB(A)ϵǿʹ˸е̶ʡ½10l5dB(A)뿪ӺȫָһֱܣΪӦϳʱӴ90 dB(A)ϵǿʹ½1530dB(A)뿪Сʱ20СʱָܻΪƣͣԸı䣬ԶǰźšӴǿڶ()ɹԸı䷢չΪԲ䣬ʧȫָɽչΪ˺Զ
(2)ԻӰ(Σ):
ڻ棬ķӦΪЧӦ
ЧӦ԰㷺״ı仯СʶĻԼѾ̶ȶ̼ı䡣µıѧߵӡ
ԻϵͳӰ죬ȱΪ񾭺Ѫܵ𺦡Ƥ˷ܺƵƽʧ쳣ѪܹңԵλıȣڽӴ߳˥ۺ쳣½񾭽ŶӣΪʼӿ죬ѪѹĵͼSTTλȱѪ͸ı䡣Ѫͼ쳣ı䣬͡ʱӳΪѪܽŶӡԼ͡ӰϵͳʹθҡθҺڼ١䶯ʳݡڷϵͳΪ״ٹܿţƤʹܿ(7080dBӰʱ)(100dBʱ)Թ,¾ʧȡ
    ()סլı׼ͻķʩ
    1.סլı׼  
׼õЧLeqʾ
ЧLeq  ĳһʱAƽֵʾ֮ΪЧAƵЧƽ(dBA)
ҹѹ涨˳л(ҹġ򻷾׼)סլ׼Ӧֵl0dB(A)
    2.סլķʩ  ƻļʩҪ棬һǿԴĴĹռʩ;ǲȼԼװԿԴķ䡣
סլŷ
סլеĵŷҪʹüõйء
    (һ)סլŷҪԴ
    1.Թʷ
    (1)߹Դ:ָԴl00mľ룬ܶȴlW/m2ϵĻԴͨѶϵͳ״FM㲥TVȷԴ
    (2)͹Դ:ָԴl00mľ룬ܶȵlW/m2ĻԴMWתϵͳTVߵ绰ͼMW¯ȡ
    2.⻷Դ
    (1)⻷ĵŷԴ
    (2)ڵõŷԴ
()ŷԽӰ켰Ӧʩ
   ԽӰ  ŷǿȴl0mW/cm2 ʱߣ֯ڵų²"λ"񶯺;ֲӦе֯ȣЧӦl0mW/cm2ĵǿȳã䲻ߣƵ(ȫʽӽֵʱƵ)ƵʵƵ峤йء
   ŷ׼ ҹƶˡŷ涨(GB8702-88UDC614.898.5)ڹ涨йĻֵ:Ƶ303000MHzʱһ24hڣ6minڵƽֵӦС40uW/cm2
סլ
    ͨڵŲ׵Xߺͦߣӷĵ()ӡӡӣԼвͬ͵ɵԭӡЦӡӺʹڸת(LET)࣬XߡߡӺ͵LETࡣǵķЧӦLET߶ӡʹõĹʵλ(SI)мԺͱ¶ֲλ
(һ)Դ
  1.Ȼ
    (1)
    (2)ؿеĦ÷
    (3)еĦ÷
    (4)ȻԴ
  2.Ϊ
    (1)Ⱦ
    (2)ϺȾԴ
()סլԽӰ켰Ӧʩ
    1.ԽӰ  ڵԽӰҪǵͼõĽʵоͼõӰҪ:
    (1)ϵͳ:  ϵͳƻ̼(˷)ЧӦͨԶ˷ЧӦģʽΪ˷ЧӦԺԱ¶Եá
    (2)DNA޸: °ͻԣ뵼DNA˺ӰDNA޸йء
    (3)ڱ¶̥ЧӦͼ0.01Gy/dĻУӴԼֳȱݡ
    2.
    (1)ϸ:
    (2)ල
    (3)ƶ׼
סլʩͼල
һסլʩ
(һ)סլеҪʩ
    1.
    2.ů
    3.ͨ绻
    4.
()լװеҪʩ
סլװҪʩ:
ѡ
ͷ
ǿų

סլල͹
  (һ)סլල
    1.Ԥල
    2.ල
()סլ
    1.סլסլСۺϹ
    2.Ź  


    1.ĸ  
ǹڴĸֳṩڽйѧϰáĻ罻֡ιۡҽơϢκ㲿ʹõһйýʩܳơ
    2.ѧص  ѧǶȿҪص:Ⱥܼ״;Դ׻ӸȾԴ;豸Ʒظʹãմ;ǽӣɼرǴȾĴ
    3.о  оȻĻΪĸֹֻµȺӰ죬Ӱʺͳ̶ȣƶ׼ҪⶨƹӦȡʩලӶﵽõĹʹߺʹҵĽĿġ
    4.ķ
    ĿǰҪй728:
    1.ݡݡõꡢдꡢȹݡưɡ
    2.ԡҡꡢݵꡣ
    3.ӰԺ¼()(ңԼϷ)
    4.()Ӿ()԰
    5.չݡݡݡͼݡ
6.̳()ꡣ
7.ҡ()ҡͨߡ
ල
    乲ͬѧصѧҪ¸乲ͬصͼලҪ㡣Ĺͼල(ԤֵȰȫ)Ĳۡ
һ
(һ)
    1.䱸Աͽƶ
    2.֯ҵԱѧϰ֪ʶͼ
    3.չԹ˿͵
()
     1.ҵԱѵ  ԹҵԱѵڿˣ˺ϸ߷"ϸ֤"й涨ԤԽ飬ʱΪ12ꡣԵ໤ίеλԼı()򵱵صҽƻеͬʱдҵԱŵ"ϸ֤"ܴ±ְ
    2."֤"  ʵ"֤"ƶȡӪλھӪǰ뵽ڵ߻ȡ"֤"߻顢⣬ϸɵź˷"֤"֤λӪҵ
    3.ڽн
ල
[һ)ලҪְ
    ලҪְ6档
    1.չල  Թоͼල״ĵ;ڶԸ˶ִ׼йҵ;ڸͷµ"֤"         
    2.о  Լͼලзֵоͨоϱڱй޸ġ׼ĽʺϱĲݡ
    3.мָ  ĳЩֵмָѯڸĽ
    4.֯ѵ  ලҵԱбλĽ飬չйزŶԴҵԱ͹˿ͽԴҵԱѵ֯ͬҵλ俪չ໥ĦȣԺõľͳɹúƹ㡣
    5.չԤල  ½ĽĹѡַƽ飬μӿգڵ⼰ĽԤල
    6.ʹֵ  ͼලִСΥĵλ˸ؽдйżദ
() ලķʽ
    ලķʽԤල뾭ලࡣ߻ҪලԱִ߻񡣹ලԱ֤ͬ顣
    1.Ԥල  ԤලָԹѡַơյʵලΧӰְҵΣԼΧȺвӰĴ͹ĿִнĿ۱ƶȡ
    2.ල  ලҪ:
     (1)ԸҪļල:ԿСˮʡɹԼþʩЧȽмͼල
     (2)Ըƶִļල:ƶȡԴҵԱ֪ʶѵͿƶȵļ顣
     (3)ԸҵԱල:ԴҵԱвߵ빤ԼԴҵԱִеȽмල顣
ලķҪֳ顢Ѳؼල顢龭Ӫλıȡ˿ͷӳȡͨලʱ⡣ԲҪģĽලĽԲĹΥľӪλˣйط淢ԷҪͳɼͻҪԱúƹ㡣


 
滮
2ѧʱ

    УҹָҰֱϽССǹ񾭼áĻ;ȸֳɷֵĸۺ壬˵ΡáĻͨǽġǼʹׯܳơкʹ۾ӡĻ
    ˡԴ߸϶ɵڶࡢṹӡۺϵ˹̬ϵͳ̬ϵͳ̬ϵͳĳЩԣͬʱ־ΪԡԡԺʹԵȶصĸԡ
    滮һʱڳкʹ衢չ͹ݡй滮ָΪʵһʱڳеľúᷢչĿ꣬ȷʡģͷչ򣬺óأЭпռ䲼ֺ͸ۺϲ;尲š滮Ϊ˱͸ƴׯ̬ԼõأŸ貼֡
    滮øȻϢ˿ĻϢάֺͻָ̬ƽΪּȻĺгΪĿ꣬ľסѻ滮ҪǵȻ̬ƽ⡢˾ӻĸƺߡ̬ĺ滷໥Ӧʹ̬ѭչΪഴʵﵽԤĽӳ߹ЧʵĿġ
й滮
һй滮Ļԭͻ
(һ)й滮Ļԭ
    1.ȷʣƳзչģ
    2.Զڹ滮ڹ滮ϣ滮ϸ滮
    3.̬;ۻ
()й滮Ļ
    1.Ȼ  λáΡˮġ󡢵ʵϡ
    2.  
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    ӦҪռ˿乹ɺȻʣ񽡿״ֵָ꣬طȾԲȼķʺʵ;йػ񽡿ϵ;ҽʩ״ͷչƻϡ
˿ڷչģ
    е˿ڷչģǱƳй滮һҪָꡣҹ˿ڹģзΪ4:˿100Ϊش;˿50Ϊ;˿20--50Ϊеȳ;˿20ΪСС
    е˿ڷչģҪȡڳеʺ͹ɳеĻŵķչƻЩչƻй滮ڸͶͶṹɽ˿ڷΪ˿ڡ˿ڡ˿֡˿ָҵҵ⽻ͨҵءҵлְ͸ߵԺУʦԱȵ˿˿ָΪзءҵĽҵȵλְ˿ָͥ˿ǳеʺ͹ʩķչˮƽԼҵο˿״ϣȷ˿ռİٷֱȺ󼴿滮ڵĳ˿ڷչģӦȻʺͻеԤ⡣
йܷ
滮ӦõذҪڳмԷͺţʹ֮ú;Ӷ޶ȵͷֹȾȺӰ죬ΪеĹܷ
(һ)йܷԭ
    йܷѧǶӦԭ:
    1.һסҵ⽻ͨͲֿݾĽ߿Ƽ羰óȡӦȻ͹صã໥źͻӷֲ
    2.סõӦѡõĵضΡ
    3.ҵõӦסõص·ࡢΡҵõסõ֮Ӧʵ룬м̻
    4.֤ڵ滮ʱܷнһչأ֤иõЭչϲҵչΧס·Χеõء
    5.Ϊ˱֤סõصܷõѡӦͬʱСĽĳѡõʱӦɳǵĹϵɳǵĸ⡣
()иܷѧҪ
    l.ס  ססĵط价ֱӰ쵽ĽӦѡá羰ĵضΪסõءס㹻ʹܶȺ˿ܶȲ¹ߣ֤г̵ء
    һɸסס˿ڹģ5ҡõΡɵסÿסӦó׵Ļҵʩ
    2.ҵ  ҵĹ滮ֱ֣Ӱлݳйģҵҵʣڿһ򼸸ҵÿҵڿԼеزɸҵҵʹ֮֯ЭԭϺ""ۺáùҵõʱϸظȫϵҪ󣬲ִйҶԽĿ涨ĸƶȡ
   ҵס֮䣬Ӧݹй׼롣ָкصĳ򹤶εı߽ס߽С롣뷶ΧӦ̻Ҳվ⡢ԡҵȷǾסԽ޽԰ѧУסլɽΣҪԶĹסԶĵضΣȻԶΣɴСĹ
    кĳУҵλھסΡ
    3.⽻ͨͲֿ  ڳ滮УӦ⽻ͨʩԳлӰ졣
    4.  нϽءǳȡ滮߳лкܴ塣
סָ
    ס滮мָ꣬۾סҪ塣
    1.ݻ  ָϸ㽨ܺ뽨ıֵ
    2.˾ס  ָƽÿռҡҵȵסֱӰס
    3.סܶ  סܶȹߣԺյԼ٣Ӱ̻;ϢأݵļࡢաͨҲܱ֤סܶȵĹʽ:
                               ס(m2)                                            			סܶ =---------------------------- 100%
                               סõ(m2)

    ѡסܶȺ˾ס󣬿ɼÿ˾סõ:

                                    ˾ס(m2/)                        
 ˾סõ(m2/) = -------------------------------100%                                   סܶ(%)  ƽϵ        
                     ʽƽϵΪסռ֮ȡ 
4.ס˿ܶ  ÿ(lha=l0000m2)סõɵĹ滮˿Ϊ˿ëܶȡÿסլõɵĹ滮˿Ϊ˿ھܶȡ˿ھܶ˾ססܶȵȲй:                     10000סܶ(%)Ρƽϵ ˿ھܶ(/ha) = --------------------------------------
                         ˾ס(m2/)                          ס                   = --------------------                     סõ(ha)      ѧǶȳй滮Ӧýϵ͵˿ھܶȡΪ˿ھܶߣ˾סõ;ס٣ȺܼӴƵʹȾ;ҽܶߺյؼ٣Ӱסլͨա



 

4ѧʱ
      
ԽΪ׼ĻҪصӳ̶ȡ
(Environmental Quality Assessment)ǴӻѧǶȰһ۱׼۷һΧڵĻԵоڴ˻ѧ͹ۺͶԤ⡣

һ۵Ŀĺ
۵ҪĿ:
(1)ȫʾ״仯;
(2)ҳȾص;
(3)ΪƶۺϷηͳ滮滮ṩ;
(4)оȺĹϵ;
(5)Ԥ⽨ĹҵĿΧܲӰ죬Ӱۡ

͸ĿĲͬвͬķ෽
ؿɷΪҪػۺۺϻۡ
۽׶η֣򻷾ۿɷΪ״("")ͻӰۡ
۵֣ɷΪ򻷾ۡˮϵۡ򻷾۵ȡ
۵ݺͷ
Ƚȫĳ򻷾ۣӦȾԴͻЧӦֵۣڴ˻ۺۣȾۺϷηΪȾ滮ƶͻṩο
״
һȾԴĵ
    ȾԴȾǳ򻷾۵һĿɸѡҪȾԴҪȾԴΪ򻷾ص󡣻ʩЧ
    ȾԴۼ㷽
"ȱȾ"㷽۸ȾԴ͸ȾΣ̶;ʽΪ:
	                 Pi  = mi/Ci
    ʽ:PiΪiȾĵȱȾɣ
         miΪiȾŷkg/d);
         CΪiȾ۱׼ùҹ涨ŷŨȱ׼(mg/l)
    ȱȾɵ:iȾŷϡ͵Ӧŷű׼ʱĽȱȾɷֵߵһȾΪҪȾȱȾɷֵߵĹΪҪȾԴֵʴС˳иȾԴ͸ȾгȾӦ迼ǵ˳
Ŷϵ"Ŷϵ"ǱʾȾԴŷŵĸȾȺǱΣ̶ȵһָ꣬ȾŷͶԡʽΪ:
            Fi = mi/ di
    ʽ: FiΪiȾŶϵ;
          miΪiȾŷkg/d);
          diΪiȾ۱׼
    Ⱦ彡ΣɳΪжʼŶϵ۱׼ѡȾԶõм(Ũ):
    Էˮdi=iȾԶ÷(mg/kg)xƽ(55kg);
    Էdi=iȾԶŨ(mg/m3)xÿպ(l0m3/d)
    ŶϵɽΪ:ÿŷŵiȾȫʱжЧӦŶϵͬԼܵŶϵڸȾԴȾŶϵռȫŶϵķֵʣӶȷӦΪȾصҪȾԴҪȾ
۷
õĻ۷ͳƷͻָ
    ۷ԭѡһ۲ͳƷ󣬰һ۱׼ۣתۺϼȨĻϽбȽϡ
(һ)۷ĻҪ
    1.  κһֻ۷߱׼ȷ㹻дԵļݣǻ۵Ļϡ
    2.۲  ָꡣʵʹпѡдԡȾĿΪ۲⣬ȾԴȾŷʵĳЩȾĿΪ۲
    3.۱׼  ͨû׼򻷾׼Ϊ۱׼
    4.Ȩ  ҪԸ۲򻷾Ҫظ費ͬȨڻеҪԡ
    5.ķּ  ݻֵӦЧӦȼ֣Դ˸ÿֵĺ塣
()ͳƷ
    ̲ŻĿռֲ仯ƣǻ۵ĻϡͳƷǶԻݽͳƷдԵͳֵȻ׼ۡͳƷǻ۵ĻóͳֵΪ۷ϣˣһǲȡġͳƷóͳֵԷӳȾƽˮƽɢ̶ȡ걶ƵʡŨȵʱձ仯ȡ
    ͳƷǻ۵ĻõͳֵΪ۷Ļϡ
()ָ
"ָ"(environmental quality index)  ǽݾͳƴֵԻ׼(򻷾׼)Ϊ۱׼ǴרƵļʽɶͿ͹۵ۻֵָͽ"ָ"Ҳ"Ⱦָ"
ָɷΪҪصĻָָܻࡣҪصĻָдָ(air quality index)ˮָ(water quality index)ָ(soil quality index);ǻɸõĳһȾӳ"ָ"øҪȾһԭϲɷӳȾﹲͬµ"ۺָ"ɸҪػָһԭۺϳ"ָܻ"⼸Ҫγɵ"ܻ"
    ָص㣬ӦۺĳصܻҪ⣬ݾۺϼɼָ󣬿ֿرﻷۺϸּҪָĳػ(¡)ı仯Ƚϻǰ󻷾ĸı伴ЧԼȽͬʱڸ()ĻҲź͹ṩڻ״Ϣ
    ָļ㣬бֵֵַ֡Ci/SiʽΪȾķַָǽȾֵС֣ӦʱȾʵݾͿ֡ӼָԹһۺָõķм򵥵ӡͼȨƽȡ

һЩϳдԵĻָ۷

    ߷ָƽָĻָ  ָڼۺʱƽָʵ߷ָΪĳȾָŨȾʱͿܶԻͽĳĽϴΣ
    ִָصǳ˼򵥡ڼ⣬ʵ߷ָӰ죬ұһĺ:ָ1ʱI11;ָ2ʱI1=2ơݴָI1ֵһɽΪ5(9-2)
Ⱦָ  Ⱦָɸָۺ϶ɡ䳬ָӳγŨܺ͵ĩɼݼƻԱΪȨء
ָдԵǴȾָ(I2)
    õͼ  ÿĴָI1(ǰ)ʹȾָI2ǵĸָͼʾʹһĿȻؿȫдķֲ͸״
    ֶԺָ  ָĸָʵŨȳʷֶԺϵָıʾҲԸֱָʾѡߵıʾ佡ЧӦӦȡĴʩ     ҹĿǰʹõĿȾָ(API)ҲǰոԭÿϱĿָָѡõĲΪPM10SO2NO2COO3,PM10SO2NO2ΪزָķּŨֵ(9-4)9-4иŨֵΪ:زվֵձڸСʱŨȵƽֵ;COO3СʱֵָձСʱŨֵ
    APlָ(Ii)ļ㷽:ȾʵŨȴֶη̽м㣬    СֵȫλȡȾȾָеΪеĿȾָAPIȾＴΪпеҪȾ
    ÿȾָӳĿ״ܶԽӰͽȡĴʩ9-5ʾ
Ⱥϵ
    ڻЧӦУ㷺Ӧûвѧ鷽о
ȺЧӦĹϵ϶زΣնķԻȾĽӰ
ۡ
    (һ)¶
   ѡûҪǴԺԡҪʱӦרŵĻ⣬ҿͬʱиŵʡǶ;¶ȾɼܽӴ(վ)Ҳͨ⣬ⶨѪ򡢷ࡢȣ˽ڵı¶ˮƽ
    ()ȺЧӦ
    ȺЧӦӦѡñ¶ȺͶȺΪ˱֤ȺϵĴԡɱԺͿɿԣȺЧӦĲӦϸѡͬ¶ˮƽȺͶȺ֤㹻¶ȺͶȺ¶̶ȿ⣬侭ˮƽϰӦƣǵڵصľסޣųְ̺ҵԱ¶ȻأֹͳƷеƫʱѡضȺ(к͸ΣȺ)е飬ڷֻȾĽЧӦڵӦܵؿƻӼء
    ΣȺЧӦָԲþһ㼲Լ뻷Ⱦйصļķʡʡʡɱȡ򹹳ɱȵϡ⣬Ӧ̽ȾŨȳԼȾ£ȺĸԺͷ仯ԼֵܳļǰٴĽЧӦָꡣпӦЧӦָ(־)øͳƷ񽡿״뻷֮Ƿϵ
    ȺΣն۷ۻȾĽЧӦǽ20𲽽뻷һ
ȾӰ۵Ҫݰ(ñ¶Ⱥвѧѧʵ)Ⱦ(ȾȾﻷ¶ˮƽۺȾ)ȾӰ(ȾȺЧӦطȾӰȷԷ)
    ȾӰ۷ֳ飬ȾӰ춨ۣȾӰ춨ۡ
    ()ʧ
    ڶԻȾĽЧӦʱɵֱӽЧӦ⻹ɽľʧɻȾʹķʡʵĸ˺ᾭʧֱͨӷúͼӷáֱӷָԤϡƵȵļֵӷָԶʧȥֵµʧɥʧͶʧ
Ӱ
һӰ۵Ŀĺ
Ӱ(environmental  impact assessmentEIA)ǻ۵һҪݣǶ⽨ĹĿʩͽͶԻӰԤۡĿΪ˷ֹ⽨ĿԻཡֱӻӰ졣
Ӱ۵
    Ӱ۵Ļݰ跽ľ;صĻֿ;ʵʩڽʩڼɺȻỷˮá̬ȺԼᡢáĻͲӰ;ֹȾĴʩü֤Źĵص⣬⽨ĿΧı仯Լɴ˶ȺܲĲӰ졣
    ۵λɸר۵ĻϣӦдרⱨ沢ܳɻӰ챨顣
Ӱ챨Ҫ:(1)⽨Ŀſ;(2)⽨ĿΧȻ
ᡢԼȺ״;(3)⽨ĿΧӰԤۣȺ
Ӱ;(4)ֹ⽨ĿΧȺӰĶԲߺʹʩ;(5)
ۺͽ顣
Ӱ۵ķ
    ⽨ĿӰԤⷽӦѭԭ⽨ĿȾŷ״ĻʵѧģʽȷԤ佨ɺԻȾ̶ȣۺеĻ״Ʋ佨ɺı仯Ԥⷽľȷȡڶ⽨Ŀϡлճ̶ȺȷزԤģʽӰ۵ķҪɿáʵá㡣
ġӰ
    (һ)Ӱ۸
    Ӱ(environmental health impact assessmentEHIA)ǻӰ۵ҪݣȻйҵĿлӰۣԴ͹ҵˮ̵ȿĿлӰۡӰ۵ĺ:Ԥɷչߺ⽨ĿĴˮȻص仯ȺӰ켰䰲ȫԡ
    Ӱ۳
    1.(Ⱦ)ĳӰۡȾȷӰ췶Χȷ
    2.(Ⱦ)ĶӰۡʶȷȾĶӰ졣
    3.ɸѡʶԽӰ  ӦṩвѧͶѧй֤ݡ
    4.ԤȺ¶⽨ĿĻӰؼΧ  䱩¶;ܵĽӰ죬Ҫ˿ͳϼ¶ϡ÷ʺʼ㡢ԤȺӰ졣
    5.кصҪԺͿɽԣ⽨ĿرȽϡ
    6.ֹкӰֶΣı䷢չƻıѡַ
    7.վ⽨Ŀɷʵʩ
    ()Ӱ۷
Ӱ۷ĻԭۺϿŷŵĸȾȺӰķΧȾĽΣȾӰ췶ΧȺܵı¶ĿǰȺ״ȻԤ⽨ĿܲĽЧӦֹкصĴʩ



 
ûѧƷ
6ѧʱ
    ûѧƷָڼͥʹõһ໯ѧƷϽͥճ
;סĻѧƷͨΪûѧƷаױƷ
ûѧƷ
ûѧƷɸʹĿĲͬ·Ϊ࣬ױƷûѧƷ

һױƷ
    ױƷָͿĨƷʩκβλƤë
ָסڴȣԴﵽࡢζݺĿĵûƷ
ڷ򾭺뷽ʽƷҲܳΪױƷױƷ
಻ͬҩƷױƷʹĿƤУΪơױƷ
ΪãӦڲͬȺʹá
ױƷ
    ױƷɷɻʺ͸ɣ
    Ҫãõ֬ʡˮлܼȡ
    ϸ軯ױƷ͡ȶɫضã黯黯㾫
ɫءȾϡϡɫӼʪճϼ
Լ⹦ЧӼȣ
    ױƷࣺ
ͿɷΪ
ˮԼ״ϼ״״״״ܽȡ
ʹòλɷΪ
Ƥá
ͷá
ָ 
ǻûױƷ
    ùܿɷΪ
  һһ;ױƷ
    1.໯ױƷ 
    2.淢໯ױƷ
3.໯ױƷ
4.໯ױƷ  
  ();ױƷ
໯ױƷΪĳ⹦ܳĳЩʻһõʡ

ûѧƷ
  (һ)ϴӼ
  ()ճϼ
  ()Ϳ
  ()ɱ
  ()ܽƷ
  ()

ûѧƷԽӰ
һûѧƷڿȾ
    ûѧƷĳЩƷʷ״ܽͻклܼ̼ȣʹùпڿȾЩȾͨӰ콡

ױƷԽӰ
    ױƷԭѡ񲻵ʹױƷܵѧ΢Ⱦɶ彡Ӱ졣Ҳɵ¶ԻױƷӦ
    (һ)ױƷƤ
    ָʹûױƷĸֲͬƤˣƤɷߡ͡ˮ
мɫسŵ쳣仯ױƷƤһвͬٴֵۺҹ͹Ҽල1997귢ʵʩ"ױƷƤϱ׼ԭ(GB/T17194-1-1997-GB/T17194-7-1997)׼ֱַ𰴴˷:
    ɻױƷƤм:
    1.ױƷӴƤ
    (1)̼ԽӴƤ(irritants contact dermatitisICD)ָޱӦԭڵɻױ
Ʒʴ̼Ƥֲǳ֢ӦɻױƷһֻһϻѧʷӴƤֱµƤˡ
    ױƷƤ̼ȣܼ֬븯ʴԿԼ׸ԵйءױƷĴ̼ԽӴƤһ㲻ּԷӦҪۻӦʩúƤֺߡѺչΪʪ
   (2)ӦԽӴƤ(allergic contact dermatitis ACD)ָɻױƷкбӦԭƤٷͱ̬ӦڻױƷֱӦԭʣƤһĻױƷƤӦһڳνӴӦԭ5-7ٴνӴֵı̬ӦоϺ黯̬Ӧԭ
    ӦԽӴƤ׵շس̶ȳ屾(Ŵ䡢ӴλƤ״̬)й⣬ӦԭʡŨȺͻױƷǷ񺬱Լйء
    2.ױƷƤ
    (1)ӦԽӴƤ(photoallergic contact dermatitisPCD)ָʹúйӦ
ԭʵĻױƷڽӴչĲλƤ֢ӦڲӴƤ򲻳ִַӦַӦTϸ鵼ʪԷӦʴӦԷӦʪΪйӦԭĻױƷҪǷɹȾϺˮࡣƤʹúйӦԭķɹֻҪһνӴ⣬ɷƤײɳһҡױƷУҪĹӦԭʣвԲʩúиʵӦƤףɷչΪ־ԹӦ߱ΪʹٽӴӦԭʱԳֹԣʪƤףԷӦӴúȾϵĻױƷĹӦƤ׵ĻߣƤ׺ڿɳƤɫسţΪ"ɫԻױƷƤ"
    (2)ⶾƤ(phototoxic dermatitic)    ָױƷĳЩƤԹ
ԣչЩʶƤԴ̼ˡⶾԷӦùⲨUVBUVAͿɼ⡣
    3.ױƷ  ָױƷʹòƤഺڷơ෢沿ëͷ۴̽϶ͷ۴̽ټƤӦ20-30Ⱥ50ԿɷƤˣ羭ʩ˪໯ױƷʱƤƤ֬ٺͺӰƤ֬Ƥ֬ٵųƤ֬ëγʣ
    Ƥߣһ£٣ųĶƤ֬Ƥ棬Ƥ𺦡ʩûױƷʹƤ֬ų֣漴Ƥ֬ڴֳƤ̼ãֺ߻ǳԱǡղԣҲۼ沿
    4.ױƷɫس֢  ָݻױƷƤɫس֢ɫسŴͿױƷ沿;ȧ²ɷԻױƷϡΪɫض̷Ƥ׷֮󣬹տʹءɫذ߷ǰƤ׷ʷ
    5.ױƷӴԴ  ָʩôûױƷ(紽ࡢ߱ʡͲʵ)Ĵ𺦡һڴ첿λҲɲڽƤƤΪˮԺ߼ɱΪмơԾʹ
    6.ױƷë  ָʹëױƷ(ϴȾ̷üʡüë͵ȣë𺦣Ϊëɫࡢֲ桢ѡʧȥ
ȡ
    7.ױƷָ  ָɼûױƷ(ָָ͡)ָ𺦣Ϊװֲڡʧȥ󡢱Ρѡ롢ȣʱмƤס
     )ױƷ΢ȾΣ
    ױƷ΢ȾױƷܱ⣬ɶʹ߽Ӱ졣
    ױƷʹõԭϡо΢Ⱦȴװ̸ȾױƷԭ϶б΢ȾĿܣȻֲɷ֡ۼɫءӽˮԭϸ΢ȾĳЩͻױƷˮֺӪɷ֣΢ֳ
    ױƷ΢ȾʱʹƷܡʡױƷ²ȾշȾñ΢ȾĻױƷͿ沿ףߡԡˮסʹñ΢ȾĻױƷҲɳΪƤŧȾԭ֮һʹôͿںԲı
    ŧ˾ȾĻױƷڿĤŧ񣬲أչѸ٣1-2ڿĤƬףȬ°̺ۻĤףװߡױƷȾƤҲĤ׺񡣱΢Ⱦ߸ȾëͿԽĤ׺סùȾĻױƷƤѢ֢
    ױƷʹÿܻᵼƤ泣פ΢̬ĸı䡣
    ױƷùȾҲأĳЩùĶضΣϴɵΣӦӡ
     ()ױƷжѧȾΣ
    һ;ױƷĶԺܵͣ;ױƷЩԻĳЩױƷܺ°ױƷͨҲɱжѧȾжؽȾ
    ױƷжѧ糬ʹпɾƤնܲȫãֲʹʱжʩúؽĻױƷڶԽɳֶԷӦ
    ױƷȾ°ͻ»ʱԶЧӦֵùע
    ױƷкеĳЩɷԼʣܻ֢ͯ״
    ױƷж¼Ӥ׶
ûѧƷȫ׼
һױƷȫ
    ױƷ֮ǰԭϺͲƷаȫԤලҪ֮һҹױƷල涨ʹûױƷԭϡ;ױƷͶгǰаȫۡ״νڵҹĻױƷṩйӦȫ
ϻƷ鱨档
    ҹ"ױƷȫ۳ͷ"(GB7919-87)涨˻ױƷ۳۵ı׼17ָͷóͷҹ۵һлױƷԭϺͻױƷƷ:
(һ)ױƷȫ۳
    1.ԶԺͶƤճĤ顣:(1)Զ:Ƥ;Ծڶ;(2)ƤճĤ:Ƥ̼顢۴̼顢Ƥ̬Ӧ顢Ƥⶾ͹̬Ӧ顣
    2.ԶԺ»顣:(1)Ƥ;(2)Ծڶ;(3)»顣
    3.ͻ䡢°ɸѡ顣:(1)˺ɳžظͻ(Ames);(2)Ⲹ鶯ϸȾɫSCE;(3)鶯ϸȾɫʼ;(4)ϸ΢;(5)Сӻμ顣
    4.ԶԺ°顣
    5.弤顣
()ױƷȫ鷽
    17ָ涨˱׼鷽
()ױƷԭϺͻױƷƷȫ۵Ĺ涨
    1.ڻױƷԭϣ׶ε顣
    2.ںҩﻯױƷжＱԶ顢ƤճĤ顣ɸݻױƷɷֵʡʹ÷ʽʹòλֱͬѡмȫĿ
    3.ڻױƷ²ƷжＱԶ顢ƤճĤ顣ɸݻױƷɷֵʡʹ÷ʽʹòλֱͬѡмȫĿ
    4.;ױƷ;ױƷȫ۵Ĺ涨Ŀ10-510-
60
ױƷ׼
    ҹƶĻױƷ׼ݣױƷ׼ԼױƷ΢жкʵı׼鷽Ϊ棬涨ûױƷʹ˵ıд׼ֱ:
ױƷ׼
    ñ׼涨˻ױƷղƷԭϵҪҹҼලֺ䲼(GB7916һ99):
    1.ױƷһҪ:(1)ױƷöʩòλԴ̼;(2)ױƷʹðȫ޸Ⱦԡ
    2.ױƷƷҪ
    (1)ױƷ΢ѧӦй涨:(1)۲ڴճĤûױƷԼӤͶͯûױƷϸô500CFU/ml500CFU/g(2)ױƷϸôl000CFU/ml1O00CFU/g;(3)ÿ˻ÿױƷƷвü󳦾Ⱥŧ˾ͽɫ;(4)ױƷùͽĸôl00CFU/mgl00CFU/g
    (2)ױƷжʲó10-7涨
    3.ױƷԭϵҪ  ױƷԭнʺʲ"ŷ˻ױƷ"(The Cosmetics Directive of the Council of European Communities Dir76/768/EEL
August1996)й涨Ľúʡ
    (1)ֹʹ:ֹʹ"ŷ˻ױƷ"й涨421ֽʺҹ"ҩƷ"й涨ҩҩࡢҩƷҩƷҩƷ73ֽʡ
    (2)ʹ:ʹ"ŷ˻ױƷ"й涨67֡55֡ռ22֡ɫ157֡
    4.ױƷҪ  ױƷֱϱ޶úлͷſɶʹ˺жʡ
ûѧƷල
һױƷල
    Ժ׼ҹ199011տʼʵʩ"ױƷල"»ױƷӪĵλ͸˾һĸ涨
(һ)ױƷල
    1996䷢"ױƷҵ"涨ҹʵ"ױƷҵ֤"ƶȣҹලױƷȫҪֶΡױƷҵӦ涨Ҫ֤ʡֱϽ䷢ֱ֤ӷӳҵĻױƷõලŵϿɣֻл֤ĲƷǺϷƷδȡ֤ĵλſͣûղƷΥò35
    ŶԻױƷලԤල;ලǰ߰:ڻױƷҵʽͶǰලӦ(ַѡ롢)(Ʒ䷽졢װ)ԭϼװƷ߽״ȣչйػױƷ桢׼Ҫ󣬽м顢۲ָ߰Ի"ױƷҵ֤"ҵලӦоලҪ(1)ල״;(2)ලǷʹ˽ʻʹ;(3)ÿƷǰ¼;(4)Ʒ;(5)ƷǩСװ˵Ƿ"ױƷල"йع涨;(6)״;(7)ලֱӴ»ױƷԱĽ״ͻߵ
     1.ԻױƷʹԭϵļල  ױƷԭϡϱϹ׼ҹ"ױƷල"涨ױƷԭָڹ״ʹڻױƷȻ˹ġֲ鲻ҪϵԭϡûױƷԭʱӦҹױƷ׼ϵе"ױƷȫ۳ͷ"йع涨аȫۣйط涨걨׼󷽿Ͷ
    2.ԻױƷƷļල  
;ױƷӦȡԤԼල鷽ʽС໯ױƷҵӦ";ױƷ֤"໯ױƷ׼Ͷгǰ뾭ɹԺ֤ĹŶԸ໯ױƷƷȫ桢ϵͳİȫ顣ȫۺϸ󣬷Ͷг
ױƷͶг󣬶ԲҪĻױƷӦʵдȡޡԲƷоලص:
    (1)صලƷ  صලδʡֱϽűĲƷ
ҵͶгĲƷȶĲƷ岻ӦĲƷԼͶߵĲƷȡ
    (2)صලĿ  δĲƷӦƷɷ֡Ʒ鱨棬ͬʱ΢ѧĲƷ顣Ʒ΢ѧල顣
3.ԻױƷװϵļල  ױƷͰװӦϻױƷ׼Ҫ󣬼ױƷֱϱ޶úлͷſܶʹ˺жʡ
4.ԻױƷʶļල  ҹ"ױƷල"涨ױƷƷʶӦ"Ʒʹ˵ױƷͨñǩ"׼Ҫдݣ:(1)Ʒ:Ʒƺʹ÷;(2)ƷȫϢ:ƷϸǣڣЧʹޡʹע;(3)ලϢ:ơҵ֤;;ױƷ׼ĺŵȡҹ"ױƷල"涨ױƷǩСװ˵鲻עӦ֤ҽãҽȡ
    ʶΪױƷල涨ʹñǼලǡױƷӪߺ߿ͨලʶ˽⻯ױƷලƾලǽиЧලûмලǵĻױƷӦΪϸƷ׼ͶгӦȡޡ
    5.ԱĽල  ҹ"ױƷ"涨ֱӴ»ױƷԱÿн죬ȡý֤󷽿ɴ»ױƷѢָѢֲʪֲммƤԼ˺ԸסԷν˵ȴȾԱֱӴ»ױƷҹ"ױƷලʵʩϸ"Խľʵʩйع涨ϸ˵
()ױƷӪල
    ױƷӪලصܼලطӪױƷױƷͨΪƷලӪලױƷ䡢۹УӰ©жкʻ΢Ⱦ;Ҳ¶ȡʪȡߵӰʣڴ˹Ӧע
ױƷٺαӲƷͨලҪ⡣ලűʵǿԻױƷӪλලֻױƷӪλעǼƶȺȡ֤鱨浥ȷ߾ӪලЧԡ
ҹ"ױƷල"涨״νҹĻױƷɹŽƷʹðȫ飬֤󷽿ǩ֤ڡ׼ڵĻױƷÿνʱɹҽƷ鲿ںʩм飬鷽ʽױƷͬ
()ʹӦԤʩ
    1.ƶ  ҹ"ױƷල"涨ʹûױƷӦĲҽƵλӦ򵱵ű棬ſӡ"ױƷӦ浥"ҽƵλдڱ档
2.ԸΣȺļ໤  ױƷӦƤ𺦣ԱӦԽӴƤ׶˹ӦΪױƷӦĸΣȺص㱣
3.ױƷӦ˵ע÷ΧбӦԭĻױƷӦע"߽û"
()ױƷලϵ
    ҹ"ױƷල"涨ʵлױƷලƶȡԺܻױƷලǸ;ױƷ֯ױƷȫԽڻױƷ;ױƷͻױƷԭϽаȫ󡣶ԻױƷش¹ʽм;ûױƷ׼ĺ;""ƶʵʩϸʡֱϽŵְ׼Ͱ䷢"֤""֤"ϵطܱϽڻױƷලָױƷලƸθױƷලԱ


